Teratogens for the Genetic Counseling Board Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Teratogens for the Genetic Counseling Board Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass ACE inhibitors - ANSWER -"the only anti-hypertensive medications associated with structural defects, Renal tubular dysplasia -> oligohydramnios, Potter's sequence, and pulmonary hypoplasia IUGR Hypocalvaria manifested by large anterior fontanel, vasodilation, severe fetal hypotension, anuria/oligura" Alcohol - ANSWER -"Growth restriction CNS involvement, (intelligence & behavior) Characteristic facial features such as ptosis, short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum and thin upper vermilion, microcephaly, flat nasal bridge" Aminopterin - ANSWER -(50%) IUGR, Short stature, delayed calvarial ossification, craniosynostosis, hydrocephalus, abnormal auricles, ocular hypertelorism, microignathia, Cleft Palate, limb & digital anomalies, NTDs Amphetamines - ANSWER -heart defects and CL in some mice Anticonvulsants - ANSWER -"6-15% risk for major malformations Hypertelorism Broad depressed nasal bridge Short nose with anteverted nares 2 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. "Cupid's bow" lip Fingernail hypoplasia Meningomyelocele Oral clefts Congenital heart defects Limb defects Developmental delay, most significantly with valproic acid" Aspirin - ANSWER -inc SAb risk when exposed around conception, avoid in late pregnancy due to concerns for premature constriction of ductus arteriosus & bleeding abnormalities Benzodiazepines - ANSWER -"Clefting? neonatal adaptation syndrome" Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - ANSWER -Spina Bifida (1%), craniofacial anomalies, dev delay? Cigarettes - ANSWER -Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarraige, placental abruption, placental previa, fetal growth restriction (dose dependant), preterm delivery, SIDS, orofacial clefts, abnormal placentation, decreased childhood pulmonary fxn, ADHD, food allergies Cocaine - ANSWER -Premature labor/birth, abruption, uterine rupture, cerebral infarction (stroke), brain disruptions, Sab, behavioural abnormalities Codeine - ANSWER -"Mothers ultrarapid metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2D6-> Newborn exposed to toxic doses of morphine (1/100-28/100 in population) excessive sleepiness, feeding and respiratory difficulties" 3 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Coumadin - ANSWER -stippling dysplasia of 2ndary epiphysis, nasal hypoplasia, distal digital hypoplasia, growth retardation & low birth weight, CNS (sz, MR), eye anomalies, hearing loss, (heart defects less common) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) - ANSWER -1st Tri= skeletal & palatal defects, limb & eye malformations 2nd & 3rd Tri= fetal pancytopenia & growth retardation (infertility in treated patient) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANSWER -"MOST asymptomatic HEARING LOSS Some growth restriction, cerebral periventricular calcifications, ocular abnormalities and hepatosplenomegaly, ventriculomegaly, blueberry muffin rash, SNHL, chorioretinitis/retinal lesions Maternal infection -> Fetus 30-40%, " Cytosine arabinoside - ANSWER -~1/8 risk malfornation: limb defects, microtia, atresia of external auditory canals Cytotoxic Drugs - ANSWER -SAb and malformations in 1st 3 months