WGU C909: Elementary Reading Methods And
Interventions (Revised) – Questions & Verified
Answers
1. Constructivism (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Constructivism
emphasizes the idea that comprehending a text is very much an active
process. -Constructivism holds that the meaning one constructs from a text is
subjective—the result of one particular person's processing of the text.
2. Cognitive-Constructivist View of Reading-Teaching Methods (Learning
Philosophies): Right Ans - -Aim to assist students in assimilating new
information to existing knowledge, as well as enabling them to make the
appropriate modifications to their existing intellectual framework to
accommodate that information.
-Jean Piaget and William Perry
3. Cognitive-Constructivist View of Reading (Learning Philosophies): Right
Ans - -Emphasizes that reading is a process in which the reader actively
searches for meaning in what she reads.
-The reader makes connections between ideas and then integrates these
understandings with prior knowledge
-Ex: Because of Winn-Dixie,-the inference comes from her knowledge that
people who have things in common often become friends and from her active
processing of the text.
4. Sociocultural Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Extends the
influence on the cognitive-constructivist view out from the reader and the text
into the larger social realm.
-Learning is viewed as primarily a social rather than an individual matter.
-Lev Vygotsky
5. Steps of Sociocultural Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -First,
the social and cultural backgrounds of students have a huge and undeniable
effect on their learning.
-Second, because learning is quintessentially social, much learning—
particularly the best and most lasting learning—will take place as groups of
learners work together.
,-Third, the classroom, the school, and the various communities of students in
a classroom are social contexts that have strong influences on what is or is not
learned in the classroom, and each of them must be carefully considered in
planning and carrying out instruction.
6. Schema (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Theory that is concerned
with knowledge, particularly with the way knowledge is represented in our
minds, how we use that knowledge, and how it expands.
7. Reader Response Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Puts a
good deal of emphasis on the reader, stressing that the meaning one gains
from text is the result of a transaction between the reader and the text and
that readers will have a range of responses to literary works.
-Many literary texts simply do not have a single correct interpretation, and
readers should be allowed and encouraged to construct a variety of
interpretations—if they can support them.
-Louise Rosenblatt
8. The three phases of the construction-integration process (Learning
Philosophies): Right Ans - (1.) Construction
(2.) Integration
(3.) Metacognition
9. Construction (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 1: Right Ans - -In the construction phase, a reader uses knowledge of
vocabulary and syntax to make meaning.
10. Integration (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 2: Right Ans - -Integrates words and sentences by linking previous
information using cohesive ties to create a textbase.
11. Metacognition (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 3: Right Ans - -A reader employs metacognition to monitor his
processes to ensure the meaning makes sense. If it doesn't, the reader
employs strategies to fix comprehension.
12. Define Metacognition as it Applies to Reading (Learning Philosophies):
Right Ans - -Metacognition is the process of reflecting on one's reading
strategies while reading to monitor comprehension.
, -A metacognitive reader is able to articulate the strategies he uses to
comprehend. He is also able to recognize when meaning breaks down and
employ strategies to fix comprehension.
13. Oral Language Development (Stages of Development): Right Ans - -The
complex system that relates sounds to meanings, is made up of three
components: the phonological, semantic, and syntactic.
14. How Oral Language Supports Vocabulary Development (Stages of
Development): Right Ans - -Reading and talking with children plays an
important role in developing their vocabulary.
-The more you read to children, the larger vocabulary they will develop.
15. Phonological Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Involves the rules for combining sounds.
-We are not aware of our knowledge of these rules, but our ability to
understand and pronounce English words demonstrates that we do know a
vast number of rules.
16. Semantic Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Is made up of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning that may
be combined with each other to make up words (for example, paper + s are
the two morphemes that make up papers), and sentences.
-A dictionary contains the semantic component of a language, but also what
words (and meanings) are important to the speakers of the language.
17. Syntactic Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Consists of the rules that enable us to combine morphemes into
sentences.
-Ex. As soon as a child uses two morphemes together, as in "more cracker,"
she is using a syntactic rule about how morphemes are combined to convey
meaning.
18. Pragmatics (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development): Right Ans - -
Some language experts would add a fourth component: which deals with rules
of language use.
-Pragmatic rules are part of our communicative competence, our ability to
speak appropriately in different situations.
Interventions (Revised) – Questions & Verified
Answers
1. Constructivism (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Constructivism
emphasizes the idea that comprehending a text is very much an active
process. -Constructivism holds that the meaning one constructs from a text is
subjective—the result of one particular person's processing of the text.
2. Cognitive-Constructivist View of Reading-Teaching Methods (Learning
Philosophies): Right Ans - -Aim to assist students in assimilating new
information to existing knowledge, as well as enabling them to make the
appropriate modifications to their existing intellectual framework to
accommodate that information.
-Jean Piaget and William Perry
3. Cognitive-Constructivist View of Reading (Learning Philosophies): Right
Ans - -Emphasizes that reading is a process in which the reader actively
searches for meaning in what she reads.
-The reader makes connections between ideas and then integrates these
understandings with prior knowledge
-Ex: Because of Winn-Dixie,-the inference comes from her knowledge that
people who have things in common often become friends and from her active
processing of the text.
4. Sociocultural Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Extends the
influence on the cognitive-constructivist view out from the reader and the text
into the larger social realm.
-Learning is viewed as primarily a social rather than an individual matter.
-Lev Vygotsky
5. Steps of Sociocultural Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -First,
the social and cultural backgrounds of students have a huge and undeniable
effect on their learning.
-Second, because learning is quintessentially social, much learning—
particularly the best and most lasting learning—will take place as groups of
learners work together.
,-Third, the classroom, the school, and the various communities of students in
a classroom are social contexts that have strong influences on what is or is not
learned in the classroom, and each of them must be carefully considered in
planning and carrying out instruction.
6. Schema (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Theory that is concerned
with knowledge, particularly with the way knowledge is represented in our
minds, how we use that knowledge, and how it expands.
7. Reader Response Theory (Learning Philosophies): Right Ans - -Puts a
good deal of emphasis on the reader, stressing that the meaning one gains
from text is the result of a transaction between the reader and the text and
that readers will have a range of responses to literary works.
-Many literary texts simply do not have a single correct interpretation, and
readers should be allowed and encouraged to construct a variety of
interpretations—if they can support them.
-Louise Rosenblatt
8. The three phases of the construction-integration process (Learning
Philosophies): Right Ans - (1.) Construction
(2.) Integration
(3.) Metacognition
9. Construction (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 1: Right Ans - -In the construction phase, a reader uses knowledge of
vocabulary and syntax to make meaning.
10. Integration (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 2: Right Ans - -Integrates words and sentences by linking previous
information using cohesive ties to create a textbase.
11. Metacognition (Construction-Integration Process-Learning Philosophies):
Phase 3: Right Ans - -A reader employs metacognition to monitor his
processes to ensure the meaning makes sense. If it doesn't, the reader
employs strategies to fix comprehension.
12. Define Metacognition as it Applies to Reading (Learning Philosophies):
Right Ans - -Metacognition is the process of reflecting on one's reading
strategies while reading to monitor comprehension.
, -A metacognitive reader is able to articulate the strategies he uses to
comprehend. He is also able to recognize when meaning breaks down and
employ strategies to fix comprehension.
13. Oral Language Development (Stages of Development): Right Ans - -The
complex system that relates sounds to meanings, is made up of three
components: the phonological, semantic, and syntactic.
14. How Oral Language Supports Vocabulary Development (Stages of
Development): Right Ans - -Reading and talking with children plays an
important role in developing their vocabulary.
-The more you read to children, the larger vocabulary they will develop.
15. Phonological Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Involves the rules for combining sounds.
-We are not aware of our knowledge of these rules, but our ability to
understand and pronounce English words demonstrates that we do know a
vast number of rules.
16. Semantic Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Is made up of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning that may
be combined with each other to make up words (for example, paper + s are
the two morphemes that make up papers), and sentences.
-A dictionary contains the semantic component of a language, but also what
words (and meanings) are important to the speakers of the language.
17. Syntactic Component (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development):
Right Ans - -Consists of the rules that enable us to combine morphemes into
sentences.
-Ex. As soon as a child uses two morphemes together, as in "more cracker,"
she is using a syntactic rule about how morphemes are combined to convey
meaning.
18. Pragmatics (Oral Language Dev.-Stages of Development): Right Ans - -
Some language experts would add a fourth component: which deals with rules
of language use.
-Pragmatic rules are part of our communicative competence, our ability to
speak appropriately in different situations.
