EVOLVE ELSEVIER HESI MED SURG ACTUAL EXAM WITH 50 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/
EVOLVE HESI MEDICAL SURGICAL LATEST EXAM 2025
Question 1:
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse
take to prevent carbon dioxide retention?
A. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min.
B. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position.
C. Monitor the client's respiratory rate every 2 hours.
D. Administer oxygen at the lowest effective concentration.
Answer: D. Administer oxygen at the lowest effective concentration.
Rationale:
In COPD, high levels of oxygen can reduce the respiratory drive due to CO2
retention. Therefore, administering oxygen at the lowest effective concentration
helps prevent this issue. Oxygen should be administered cautiously, aiming for a
target SpO2 of 88-92%.
Question 2:
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
A. "I will inspect my feet every day."
B. "I will wear sandals to avoid foot injuries."
C. "I will apply lotion to the top and bottom of my feet."
D. "I will check the temperature of the water before I soak my feet."
Answer: B. "I will wear sandals to avoid foot injuries."
Rationale:
Wearing sandals can expose the feet to injury. Clients with diabetes should wear
well-fitting shoes that protect the feet. Proper foot care includes inspecting feet
,daily, applying lotion to prevent dryness (but avoiding lotion between toes), and
checking the water temperature before soaking feet.
Question 3:
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect in this client?
A. Elevated blood pressure
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Weight loss
D. Shortness of breath
Answer: D. Shortness of breath
Rationale:
Heart failure leads to fluid retention, which can cause shortness of breath due to
pulmonary congestion. Other common signs include weight gain, increased heart
rate, and sometimes low blood pressure, but shortness of breath is a hallmark
symptom of heart failure.
Question 4:
A nurse is caring for a client who has just undergone a total hip replacement.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent dislocation of the
new hip joint?
A. Encourage the client to bend their hip past 90 degrees.
B. Instruct the client to cross their legs at the knees.
C. Keep the client's affected leg in a neutral position.
D. Allow the client to sit in a low chair.
Answer: C. Keep the client's affected leg in a neutral position.
Rationale:
After hip replacement surgery, it is crucial to prevent dislocation of the hip joint.
Keeping the affected leg in a neutral position prevents rotation and excessive
, flexion, which can lead to dislocation. Avoiding bending past 90 degrees and
crossing the legs is essential for joint stability.
Question 5:
A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A. Administering intravenous fluids
B. Providing a high-fat diet
C. Encouraging oral fluids
D. Administering analgesics after meals
Answer: A. Administering intravenous fluids
Rationale:
Acute pancreatitis can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock. The
priority is administering intravenous fluids to restore fluid balance and maintain
perfusion to vital organs. Oral intake is typically restricted during the acute phase
of pancreatitis.
Question 6:
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease who is on hemodialysis.
The nurse should assess for which of the following complications during dialysis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypotension
Answer: D. Hypotension
Rationale:
Hypotension is a common complication during hemodialysis due to rapid fluid
removal and the changes in blood volume. It is important to monitor blood
pressure closely and prevent significant drops during the dialysis process.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/
EVOLVE HESI MEDICAL SURGICAL LATEST EXAM 2025
Question 1:
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
who is receiving oxygen therapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse
take to prevent carbon dioxide retention?
A. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4 L/min.
B. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position.
C. Monitor the client's respiratory rate every 2 hours.
D. Administer oxygen at the lowest effective concentration.
Answer: D. Administer oxygen at the lowest effective concentration.
Rationale:
In COPD, high levels of oxygen can reduce the respiratory drive due to CO2
retention. Therefore, administering oxygen at the lowest effective concentration
helps prevent this issue. Oxygen should be administered cautiously, aiming for a
target SpO2 of 88-92%.
Question 2:
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the
following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
A. "I will inspect my feet every day."
B. "I will wear sandals to avoid foot injuries."
C. "I will apply lotion to the top and bottom of my feet."
D. "I will check the temperature of the water before I soak my feet."
Answer: B. "I will wear sandals to avoid foot injuries."
Rationale:
Wearing sandals can expose the feet to injury. Clients with diabetes should wear
well-fitting shoes that protect the feet. Proper foot care includes inspecting feet
,daily, applying lotion to prevent dryness (but avoiding lotion between toes), and
checking the water temperature before soaking feet.
Question 3:
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect in this client?
A. Elevated blood pressure
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Weight loss
D. Shortness of breath
Answer: D. Shortness of breath
Rationale:
Heart failure leads to fluid retention, which can cause shortness of breath due to
pulmonary congestion. Other common signs include weight gain, increased heart
rate, and sometimes low blood pressure, but shortness of breath is a hallmark
symptom of heart failure.
Question 4:
A nurse is caring for a client who has just undergone a total hip replacement.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent dislocation of the
new hip joint?
A. Encourage the client to bend their hip past 90 degrees.
B. Instruct the client to cross their legs at the knees.
C. Keep the client's affected leg in a neutral position.
D. Allow the client to sit in a low chair.
Answer: C. Keep the client's affected leg in a neutral position.
Rationale:
After hip replacement surgery, it is crucial to prevent dislocation of the hip joint.
Keeping the affected leg in a neutral position prevents rotation and excessive
, flexion, which can lead to dislocation. Avoiding bending past 90 degrees and
crossing the legs is essential for joint stability.
Question 5:
A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A. Administering intravenous fluids
B. Providing a high-fat diet
C. Encouraging oral fluids
D. Administering analgesics after meals
Answer: A. Administering intravenous fluids
Rationale:
Acute pancreatitis can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock. The
priority is administering intravenous fluids to restore fluid balance and maintain
perfusion to vital organs. Oral intake is typically restricted during the acute phase
of pancreatitis.
Question 6:
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease who is on hemodialysis.
The nurse should assess for which of the following complications during dialysis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypotension
Answer: D. Hypotension
Rationale:
Hypotension is a common complication during hemodialysis due to rapid fluid
removal and the changes in blood volume. It is important to monitor blood
pressure closely and prevent significant drops during the dialysis process.
