Exam Bank for Neonatology- Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+)

Exam Bank for Neonatology- Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+) What is the difference between a newborn and a neonate? - Answers A newborn refers to an infant within the first few hours after birth, a neonate refers to an infant within the first month after birth Excessive amount of amniotic fluid - Answers polyhydraminos Decreased volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy - Answers oligohydramnios The process in which the fetal lung is collapsed and filled with fluid and most of the fetal blood flow is diverted away from the lungs. As the baby is delivered, a rapid series of events needs to occur to enable the baby to breathe - Answers fetal transition A preterm infant is an infant delivered before how many weeks gestation? - Answers 37 What weeks are considered term for an infant? - Answers 38-42 After what week is an infant considered post-term? - Answers 42 What are causes or delayed transition in newborns? - Answers hypoxia, hypothermia, pneumonia, meconium or blood aspiration, acidosis, hypotension What are key questions you need to ask when you are at the scene involving a pregnant woman or a recent home birth? - Answers mother's age, length of pregnancy, presence and frequency of contractions, presence or absence of fetal movement, pregnancy complications, if the membranes have ruptured (timing and makeup of fluid), and medications being taken What are the steps to improve fetal circulation? - Answers Roll the mother onto her side to take the weight off her uterus and great vessels, administer 100% oxygen by mask What equipment will you need at a MINIMUM for a home delivery? - Answers warm, dry blankets, a bulb syringe, two small clamps or ties, a pair of clean scissors to cut the umbilical cord What can happen if the umbilical cord comes out before the baby? - Answers The blood supply through the cord may be cut off What should you do in cases of a prolapsed umbilical cord? - Answers Check cord pulses and relieve pressure off the cord by gently moving the presenting part of the body off the cord and pushing it back in, hold this position and transport What condition is a prolapsed umbilical cord common with? - Answers polyhydramnios What level should the baby be kept at after it is delivered? - Answers At the level of the mother with the head slightly lower than the body while you clamp the cord in two places and cut between What size laryngoscope blades will you need for a newborn? - Answers 0 and 1 A decrease in the amount of oxygen delivered to the extremities. The hands and feet turn blue because of narrowing of small arterioles toward the end of the arms and legs - Answers acrocyanosis A clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the unborn baby during pregnancy; contained in the amniotic sac - Answers amniotic fluid Scale used to assess newborn infant status 1 and 5 minutes after delivery - Answers APGAR score What does APGAR stand for? - Answers appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respirations A narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by membranous or bony tissue; a congenital condition - Answers choanal atresia An abnormal defect or fissure in the upper lip that failed to close during development - Answers cleft lip A fissure or hole in the palate that forms a communicating pathway between the mouth and nasal cavities - Answers cleft palate Passage of loops of bowel with or without abdominal organs, through the diaphragm muscle; occurs as the bowel from the abdomen "herniates" upward through the diaphragm into the chest - Answers diaphragmatic hernia Lack of movement at the shoulder due to nerve injury resulting from the stretching of the cervical nerve roots during delivery of the baby's head during birth; the effect is usually transient, but can be permanent - Answers Erb palsy Low or poor muscle tone, "floppy" - Answers hypotonia Damage to cells int he central nervous system from inadequate oxygenation - Answers hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Skin sucking in between the ribs, seen when a patient creates increased negative intrathoracic pressure to breathe - Answers intercostal retractions An event where one part of the intestine folds onto another part of the intestines, leads to blockage - Answers intussusception An injury of childbirth affecting the spinal nerves C7, C8, and T1 of the brachial plexus. - Answers Klumpke Paralysis A congenital anomaly of rotation of the midgut, the small bowel is found predominantly on the right side of the abdomen - Answers malrotation A dark green fecal material that accumulates int he fetal intestines and is discharged around the time of birth - Answers meconium Delayed transition from fetal to neonatal circulation - Answers persistent pulmonary hypertension A condition present at birth marked by a very small lower jaw. The tongue tends to fall backward and downward and there is a cleft soft palate - Answers Pierre Robin Sequence Abnormal location of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus, near or over the cervix - Answers placenta previa Abnormally high red blood cell count - Answers polycythemia Apnea caused by oxygen deprivation; usually corrected with stimulation such as drying or slapping the newborn's feet - Answers primary apnea First pregnancy - Answers primigravida When the umbilical cord presents itself outside the uterus while the fetus is still inside - Answers prolapsed cord A disease of the eye that affects prematurely newborn babies, thought to be caused by disorganized growth of retinal blood vessels resulting in scarring and retinal detachment; can lead to blindness - Answers retinopathy of prematurity When asphyxia continues after primary apnea, infant responds with a period of gasping respirations, falling pulse rate and BP - Answers secondary apnea A substance formed in the lungs that helps keep small air sacs or alveoli from collapsing and sticking together - Answers surfactant Blood vessel in umbilical cord used to administer emergency medications - Answers umbilical vein What is the primary use of the ET tube once you have it placed in the meconium-stained newborn? - Answers it serves as a suction devices What happens if the newborn's 5 minute APGAR score is less than 7? - Answers the newborn's condition should be reassessed and a new score assigned every 5 minutes until 20 minutes after birth How can the pulse rate be determined in a newborn? - Answers auscultation or by feeling the base of the umbilical cord at the baby's abdomen What should you do if the baby is apneic or has a pulse rate less than 100 beats/min after 30 seconds of drying and stimulation and supplemental (free-flow) oxygen? - Answers begin