NURS 243 - EXAM 1 - GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, AND
CONGENITAL DISORDERS (2 OF 8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS!!
What is genetic information, what does it do, and what are the three types of
genetic information?
answers: - Genetic information is the blueprint for how our cells develop.
- It directs the function of our cells
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), and genes
Differentiate between DNA and RNA
answers: DNA is the double helix, genetic code, blueprint to make cells. RNA
USES DNA as a TEMPLATE to string together amino acids to make proteins
What is chromatin?
answers: DNA molecules that regulate genetic transcription
What are histones?
answers: Proteins that influence how DNA is organized or coiled
What is the difference between chromatin and histones?
answers: Chromatin makes up chromosomes. Histones tell the body how to fold
DNA, what pattern to fold it in.
What influences how genes are expressed?
answers: Depending on how it's folded, what's open, what's closed
What is Remodeling?
, answers: (tightly packed DNA may be inaccessible during replication) Changes to
DNA structure to make DNA accessible and change DNA expression.
What is a Genotype?
answers: The genetic makeup of an individual cell or organism (CODING)
What is a Phenotype?
answers: The observable physical traits associated with a specific genotype
What is a Locus?
answers: Where the gene is located on the chromosome (particular position on
DNA sequence)
What are alleles?
answers: One of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a
segment of bases) at a given genomic location
What is mRNA?
answers: Messenger RNA. Single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis
(CARRIES INFORMATION)
Two different Alleles =
Two of the same Alleles =
answers: - Heterozygous
- Homozygous
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
CONGENITAL DISORDERS (2 OF 8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS!!
What is genetic information, what does it do, and what are the three types of
genetic information?
answers: - Genetic information is the blueprint for how our cells develop.
- It directs the function of our cells
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), and genes
Differentiate between DNA and RNA
answers: DNA is the double helix, genetic code, blueprint to make cells. RNA
USES DNA as a TEMPLATE to string together amino acids to make proteins
What is chromatin?
answers: DNA molecules that regulate genetic transcription
What are histones?
answers: Proteins that influence how DNA is organized or coiled
What is the difference between chromatin and histones?
answers: Chromatin makes up chromosomes. Histones tell the body how to fold
DNA, what pattern to fold it in.
What influences how genes are expressed?
answers: Depending on how it's folded, what's open, what's closed
What is Remodeling?
, answers: (tightly packed DNA may be inaccessible during replication) Changes to
DNA structure to make DNA accessible and change DNA expression.
What is a Genotype?
answers: The genetic makeup of an individual cell or organism (CODING)
What is a Phenotype?
answers: The observable physical traits associated with a specific genotype
What is a Locus?
answers: Where the gene is located on the chromosome (particular position on
DNA sequence)
What are alleles?
answers: One of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a
segment of bases) at a given genomic location
What is mRNA?
answers: Messenger RNA. Single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis
(CARRIES INFORMATION)
Two different Alleles =
Two of the same Alleles =
answers: - Heterozygous
- Homozygous
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
