Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
law - correct answers✅✅a representation of a set of rules or principles
established by government or other controlling body that members of society
must follow and obey
legal system - correct answers✅✅a system of established laws
civil law (code law) - correct answers✅✅a legal system which has a single
comprehensive code as the core of its law
common law (case law) - correct answers✅✅judge-made law, whereby
judges make decisions on a case-by-case basis, and those decisions generate
a body of rules and principles
precedent - correct answers✅✅previous decisions that set an example or
guide for future cases
stare decisis - correct answers✅✅the notion that judges must make
decisions based on precedent
Congress - correct answers✅✅the legislative branch of the US
Supreme Court - correct answers✅✅the highest federal court in the US
judicial review - correct answers✅✅the doctrine by which a higher court
can overturn a decision made by a lower court
checks and balances - correct answers✅✅the system whereby each
branch of the US government has specific power and authority so that they
balance (or check) the power exercised by other branches
,Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
Bill of Rights - correct answers✅✅the first ten amendments to the US
Constitution; meant to protect citizens from government intrusion
Necessary and Proper Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US
Constitution that gives power to Congress to make laws that are deemed
"necessary" for the upholding of the Constitution
Supremacy Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US Constitution
that establishes that federal law supersedes all state laws
uniform laws - correct answers✅✅an effort to harmonize all state law by
unifying legislation on a given topic
Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") - correct answers✅✅an organization
that seeks to establish uniform laws for various aspects of commercial law
commercial speech - correct answers✅✅speech regarding commercial or
economic activities
strict scrutiny - correct answers✅✅a form of judicial review that requires
a law to further "a compelling government interest" and that the law must
serve a narrow purpose
Due Process Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US Constitution
that protects a person from being "deprived of life, liberty or property
without *due process*"
,Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
discriminatory laws - correct answers✅✅laws that differentiate between
people
suspect classification - correct answers✅✅a classification of groups
meeting certain criteria suggesting they are the subject of discrimination
quasi-suspect classification - correct answers✅✅a suspect classification
involves gender and legitimacy
intermediate scrutiny - correct answers✅✅a test used to determine a
law's constitutionality; the law must be substantially tailored to meet an
important government interest
rational basis test - correct answers✅✅a test, referring to the lowest
levels of scrutiny; requires that laws must be rationally related to a
legitimate government interest
criminal law - correct answers✅✅law that addresses crimes and
punishment of crimes
civil law - correct answers✅✅law that regulates the relationships between
parties
federal district court - correct answers✅✅the federal trial court in the US
federal circuit court of appeals (federal court of appeals) - correct
answers✅✅the federal appeals court in the US
, Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
writ of certiorari - correct answers✅✅a formal appeals petition to bring a
case before the Supreme Court
original jurisdiction - correct answers✅✅the power of a trials court to hear
a case for the first time
appellate jurisdiction - correct answers✅✅the power of an appeals court
to review decisions of a lower court
remand - correct answers✅✅an action by an appellate court to send a
case back to a lower court for a new trial
de novo - correct answers✅✅a supreme court's power of interpreting
legal rules, while not deferring to a lower court
Federal Rules of Civil Procedures ("Federal Rules") - correct
answers✅✅governing procedures for filing a civil suit in federal court
standing - correct answers✅✅the legal right to bring a suit
injury-in-fact - correct answers✅✅a legally recognizable injury
plaintiff - correct answers✅✅the person bringing a suit
defendant - correct answers✅✅the person being sued in a suit
pleadings - correct answers✅✅the documents parties file in connection
with their lawsuit
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
law - correct answers✅✅a representation of a set of rules or principles
established by government or other controlling body that members of society
must follow and obey
legal system - correct answers✅✅a system of established laws
civil law (code law) - correct answers✅✅a legal system which has a single
comprehensive code as the core of its law
common law (case law) - correct answers✅✅judge-made law, whereby
judges make decisions on a case-by-case basis, and those decisions generate
a body of rules and principles
precedent - correct answers✅✅previous decisions that set an example or
guide for future cases
stare decisis - correct answers✅✅the notion that judges must make
decisions based on precedent
Congress - correct answers✅✅the legislative branch of the US
Supreme Court - correct answers✅✅the highest federal court in the US
judicial review - correct answers✅✅the doctrine by which a higher court
can overturn a decision made by a lower court
checks and balances - correct answers✅✅the system whereby each
branch of the US government has specific power and authority so that they
balance (or check) the power exercised by other branches
,Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
Bill of Rights - correct answers✅✅the first ten amendments to the US
Constitution; meant to protect citizens from government intrusion
Necessary and Proper Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US
Constitution that gives power to Congress to make laws that are deemed
"necessary" for the upholding of the Constitution
Supremacy Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US Constitution
that establishes that federal law supersedes all state laws
uniform laws - correct answers✅✅an effort to harmonize all state law by
unifying legislation on a given topic
Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") - correct answers✅✅an organization
that seeks to establish uniform laws for various aspects of commercial law
commercial speech - correct answers✅✅speech regarding commercial or
economic activities
strict scrutiny - correct answers✅✅a form of judicial review that requires
a law to further "a compelling government interest" and that the law must
serve a narrow purpose
Due Process Clause - correct answers✅✅a clause in the US Constitution
that protects a person from being "deprived of life, liberty or property
without *due process*"
,Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
discriminatory laws - correct answers✅✅laws that differentiate between
people
suspect classification - correct answers✅✅a classification of groups
meeting certain criteria suggesting they are the subject of discrimination
quasi-suspect classification - correct answers✅✅a suspect classification
involves gender and legitimacy
intermediate scrutiny - correct answers✅✅a test used to determine a
law's constitutionality; the law must be substantially tailored to meet an
important government interest
rational basis test - correct answers✅✅a test, referring to the lowest
levels of scrutiny; requires that laws must be rationally related to a
legitimate government interest
criminal law - correct answers✅✅law that addresses crimes and
punishment of crimes
civil law - correct answers✅✅law that regulates the relationships between
parties
federal district court - correct answers✅✅the federal trial court in the US
federal circuit court of appeals (federal court of appeals) - correct
answers✅✅the federal appeals court in the US
, Introductory Business Law (CLEP)
Questions and Answers A+ Guide
writ of certiorari - correct answers✅✅a formal appeals petition to bring a
case before the Supreme Court
original jurisdiction - correct answers✅✅the power of a trials court to hear
a case for the first time
appellate jurisdiction - correct answers✅✅the power of an appeals court
to review decisions of a lower court
remand - correct answers✅✅an action by an appellate court to send a
case back to a lower court for a new trial
de novo - correct answers✅✅a supreme court's power of interpreting
legal rules, while not deferring to a lower court
Federal Rules of Civil Procedures ("Federal Rules") - correct
answers✅✅governing procedures for filing a civil suit in federal court
standing - correct answers✅✅the legal right to bring a suit
injury-in-fact - correct answers✅✅a legally recognizable injury
plaintiff - correct answers✅✅the person bringing a suit
defendant - correct answers✅✅the person being sued in a suit
pleadings - correct answers✅✅the documents parties file in connection
with their lawsuit
