Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh

NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY FINAL EXAM ( 100h h h h h h h




% VERIFIED Q&A 2023)
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1. Which of the following statements describe truncus arteriosus? A. The
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pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, and the aorta stems from the rig
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ht ventricle.
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B. A large VSD allows total mixing of blood from the two ventricles.
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C. If SVR decreases relative to PVR, blood flow will be shunted from right to l
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eft, bypassing the lungs.
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D. All of the above
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2. What factor is responsible for closure of the foramen ovale?
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A. Increased PaO2 h


B. Increased pressure on the left side of the heart
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C. Blood flowing through the lungsh h h h


D. High pulmonary vascular resistance
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3. What is the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among infants
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born at less than 28 weeks of gestation?
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A. 30% to 40%
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B. 40% to 50% C. 60% to 80%
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D. >80%
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4. What radiographic features is the therapist likely to see on a typical chest X-
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ray of an infant with MAS?
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A. Ground-glass appearance h

, B. Complete whiteout h


C. Decreased lung volume h h


D. Patchy areas of atelectasis h h h




5. The therapist is treating a child with TOF who appears to be having a “tet” spell.
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What should the therapist suggest to treat this event?
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A. Beta blockers h


B. Knee-chest position to increase SVR h h h h


C. Morphine sulfate h


D. All of the aboveh h h




6. The therapist is setting pulse oximetry to determine the presence of right-to-
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left shunt in an infant suspected of having a heart defect. Where should the
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therapist place the pulse ox probe to obtain the most accurate measure of preduct
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al oxygen saturation?
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A. Any finger of the right hand
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B. Any finger of the left hand
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C. Left earlobe h


D. Lower extremities h




7. Which of the following physiologic mechanisms need to be in place to ensure
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adequate systemic perfusion in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (
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HLHS)?
A. Presence of an ASD h h h


B. Presence of a mitral regurgitation h h h h


C. Adequate left atrial function h h h


D. Presence of a PDA h h h




8. Blood samples are simultaneously obtained from both the right radial artery and
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the umbilical artery, and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) value fro
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m the right radial artery is 20 mm Hg greater than that analyzed from the
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umbilical artery sample. On the basis of this finding, which of the following conditio
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ns does the neonate likely have?
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A. PPHN
B. MAS
C. Neonatal pneumonia h


D. RDS

, 9. What ventilator settings should a therapist select for a newborn with respiratory
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distress syndrome? A. PIP 25-30 cm H2O
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B. PEEP 3-6 cm H2O h h h


C. VT 5-6 mL/kg
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D. Frequency 60 breaths per minute h h h h




10. Why does meconium staining occur predominantly in infants older than 36
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weeks of gestational age?
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A. Because these infants can generate strong inspiratory efforts
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B. Because infants this age have significant cardiac outputs
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C. Because these infants demonstrate strong peristalsis
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D. Because these newborns have weak anal sphincter tone
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11. Which of the following clinical manifestations is consistent with an atrial septal
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defect (ASD)?h


A. An ASD often causes congestive heart failure (because of decreased
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pulmonary blood flow). h h


B. The right ventricle may become hypertrophic (right ventricular
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hypertrophy).
C. Most patients with an ASD are symptomatic in the neonatal intensive ca
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re unit, presenting with right atrial enlargement. D. Chest radiographs ar
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e usually abnormal.
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12. What is the typical type of airway obstruction that occurs with MAS?
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A. Ball valve h


B. Complete
C. No obstructionh


D. Airway inflammation h




13. How should the therapist interpret a preductal-to-
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postductal PaO2 difference of 8 mm Hg in a neonate?
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A. Unreliable data h


B. Absence of ductal shunting h h h


C. Presence of ductal shunting h h h


D. Inconclusive data h