DAANCE Module 3
Local Anesthetic - ✔✔Non-bupivacaine injection for pain control
Vasoconstrictors - ✔✔Added to anesthetics to prolong action by constricting blood vessels
Epinephrine - ✔✔Common vasoconstrictor causing sympathetic effects
Levonorde - ✔✔Vasoconstrictor with mepivacaine, less effective than epinephrine
Topical Anesthetics - ✔✔Desensitize mucosa before local anesthesia injection
Benzodiazepines - ✔✔Anxiolytic sedatives causing CNS depression
Midazolam - ✔✔Water-soluble anxiolytic with rapid onset and short half-life
Diazepam - ✔✔Water-insoluble anxiolytic with long half-life and injection pain
Propofol - ✔✔Sedative/hypnotic with rapid onset and short duration
Vasodilatation - ✔✔Widening of blood vessels leading to decreased blood pressure.
Debilitated Patient - ✔✔Individual with reduced physical strength requiring caution in drug dosing.
Liver Metabolism - ✔✔Process where drugs are broken down in the liver.
Additive Effect - ✔✔Combined effect of two or more drugs resulting in increased impact.
Ketamine - ✔✔Dissociative anesthetic preventing brain centers from sensory stimuli.
,Emergence Delirium - ✔✔Confusion or agitation upon waking from anesthesia.
Narcotic Analgesics - ✔✔Pain-relieving drugs used during sedation with potential for addiction.
Fentanyl - ✔✔Highly potent narcotic analgesic with rapid onset and short duration.
Sufentanil - ✔✔Narcotic analgesic similar to fentanyl but more potent with shorter duration.
Remifentanil - ✔✔Narcotic analgesic undergoing rapid plasma metabolism with ultrashort duration.
Methohexital - ✔✔Ultrashort-acting barbiturate used for total intravenous anesthesia
Narcotics - ✔✔Analgesics for pain control during sedation, may cause respiratory depression
Anticholinergic Agents - ✔✔Drugs counteracting cholinergic effects by decreasing secretions and
increasing heart rate
Atropine - ✔✔Prototypic anticholinergic with drying secretions and vagal blockade
Glycopyrrolate - ✔✔Anticholinergic with excellent antisialagogue effect and reduced cardiovascular
impact
Antiemetics - ✔✔Medications preventing nausea and vomiting by blocking neurotransmitter receptor
sites
Ondansetron - ✔✔Anti-nausea drug blocking vomiting center neurotransmitter receptor sites
Corticosteroids - ✔✔Anti-emetic drugs with anti-inflammatory properties
, Diphenhydramine - ✔✔Antihistamine providing antiemetic effect by counteracting nausea triggers
Dexamethasone - ✔✔Corticosteroid with anti-emetic properties, stabilizes cell membranes
Methylprednisolone - ✔✔Corticosteroid used to minimize surgical swelling, with anti-emetic effects
Hydrocortisone - ✔✔Corticosteroid reducing surgical swelling, with anti-emetic properties
PONV - ✔✔Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Drugs that can trigger malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia: - ✔✔1.) Succinylcholine
(Anectine)
2) All halogenated hydrocarbon gases
How much O2 in room air? - ✔✔21%
Surgical packs - ✔✔Aiding in reducing stomach irritation from blood ingestion
Antihistamines - ✔✔Counteract nausea from dizziness, motion sickness, and stomach irritation
Muscle Relaxants - ✔✔Neuromuscular blockers that paralyze the patient
Succinylcholine - ✔✔Depolarizing muscle relaxant causing rapid muscle contractions
Rocuronium - ✔✔Nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset and 30-60 minutes duration
Sevoflurane - ✔✔Preferred inhalation agent with fast onset, sweet odor, and safe with local anesthetics
Local Anesthetic - ✔✔Non-bupivacaine injection for pain control
Vasoconstrictors - ✔✔Added to anesthetics to prolong action by constricting blood vessels
Epinephrine - ✔✔Common vasoconstrictor causing sympathetic effects
Levonorde - ✔✔Vasoconstrictor with mepivacaine, less effective than epinephrine
Topical Anesthetics - ✔✔Desensitize mucosa before local anesthesia injection
Benzodiazepines - ✔✔Anxiolytic sedatives causing CNS depression
Midazolam - ✔✔Water-soluble anxiolytic with rapid onset and short half-life
Diazepam - ✔✔Water-insoluble anxiolytic with long half-life and injection pain
Propofol - ✔✔Sedative/hypnotic with rapid onset and short duration
Vasodilatation - ✔✔Widening of blood vessels leading to decreased blood pressure.
Debilitated Patient - ✔✔Individual with reduced physical strength requiring caution in drug dosing.
Liver Metabolism - ✔✔Process where drugs are broken down in the liver.
Additive Effect - ✔✔Combined effect of two or more drugs resulting in increased impact.
Ketamine - ✔✔Dissociative anesthetic preventing brain centers from sensory stimuli.
,Emergence Delirium - ✔✔Confusion or agitation upon waking from anesthesia.
Narcotic Analgesics - ✔✔Pain-relieving drugs used during sedation with potential for addiction.
Fentanyl - ✔✔Highly potent narcotic analgesic with rapid onset and short duration.
Sufentanil - ✔✔Narcotic analgesic similar to fentanyl but more potent with shorter duration.
Remifentanil - ✔✔Narcotic analgesic undergoing rapid plasma metabolism with ultrashort duration.
Methohexital - ✔✔Ultrashort-acting barbiturate used for total intravenous anesthesia
Narcotics - ✔✔Analgesics for pain control during sedation, may cause respiratory depression
Anticholinergic Agents - ✔✔Drugs counteracting cholinergic effects by decreasing secretions and
increasing heart rate
Atropine - ✔✔Prototypic anticholinergic with drying secretions and vagal blockade
Glycopyrrolate - ✔✔Anticholinergic with excellent antisialagogue effect and reduced cardiovascular
impact
Antiemetics - ✔✔Medications preventing nausea and vomiting by blocking neurotransmitter receptor
sites
Ondansetron - ✔✔Anti-nausea drug blocking vomiting center neurotransmitter receptor sites
Corticosteroids - ✔✔Anti-emetic drugs with anti-inflammatory properties
, Diphenhydramine - ✔✔Antihistamine providing antiemetic effect by counteracting nausea triggers
Dexamethasone - ✔✔Corticosteroid with anti-emetic properties, stabilizes cell membranes
Methylprednisolone - ✔✔Corticosteroid used to minimize surgical swelling, with anti-emetic effects
Hydrocortisone - ✔✔Corticosteroid reducing surgical swelling, with anti-emetic properties
PONV - ✔✔Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Drugs that can trigger malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia: - ✔✔1.) Succinylcholine
(Anectine)
2) All halogenated hydrocarbon gases
How much O2 in room air? - ✔✔21%
Surgical packs - ✔✔Aiding in reducing stomach irritation from blood ingestion
Antihistamines - ✔✔Counteract nausea from dizziness, motion sickness, and stomach irritation
Muscle Relaxants - ✔✔Neuromuscular blockers that paralyze the patient
Succinylcholine - ✔✔Depolarizing muscle relaxant causing rapid muscle contractions
Rocuronium - ✔✔Nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset and 30-60 minutes duration
Sevoflurane - ✔✔Preferred inhalation agent with fast onset, sweet odor, and safe with local anesthetics
