PHI 1010 Final Exam Study Guide/ 77 Q&A/
Newly Updated.
The 6 main branches of philosophy - Answer: - Metaphysics
- Epistemology
- Ethics
- Logic
- Political Philosophy
- Aesthetics
Metaphysics - Answer: Studies the ultimate nature of reality
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, Epistemology - Answer: The study of Knowledge
Popper's scientific criteria - Answer: 1. Confirmations should count only if they are
the result of risky predictions
2. Every "good" scientific theory is a prohibition: it forbids certain things to
happen. The more a theory forbids the better it is. The riskier it is, the stronger it
is.
3. Has to be refutable
4. Every genuine test of a theory attempts to falsify it, or refute it.
5. Confirmation evidence should not count except when it is the result of a
genuine test of the theory; and this means that it can be presented as a serious
but unsuccessful attempt to falsify a theory.
6. Ad hoc modifications either destroys or lowers a theory's scientific status
Kuhn and paradigm shifts - Answer: - Kuhn claims: Science does not develop in a
uniform manner. It has periods of normal and revolutionary stages. It does not
necessarily progress towards truth.
1. Paradigm
2. Anomalies
3. Crisis Phase
4. New Paradigm
5. Paradigm shift/revolution
Paradigm - Answer: A theory accepted by the scientific community as solving
certain scientific problems
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Newly Updated.
The 6 main branches of philosophy - Answer: - Metaphysics
- Epistemology
- Ethics
- Logic
- Political Philosophy
- Aesthetics
Metaphysics - Answer: Studies the ultimate nature of reality
Page 1 of 14
, Epistemology - Answer: The study of Knowledge
Popper's scientific criteria - Answer: 1. Confirmations should count only if they are
the result of risky predictions
2. Every "good" scientific theory is a prohibition: it forbids certain things to
happen. The more a theory forbids the better it is. The riskier it is, the stronger it
is.
3. Has to be refutable
4. Every genuine test of a theory attempts to falsify it, or refute it.
5. Confirmation evidence should not count except when it is the result of a
genuine test of the theory; and this means that it can be presented as a serious
but unsuccessful attempt to falsify a theory.
6. Ad hoc modifications either destroys or lowers a theory's scientific status
Kuhn and paradigm shifts - Answer: - Kuhn claims: Science does not develop in a
uniform manner. It has periods of normal and revolutionary stages. It does not
necessarily progress towards truth.
1. Paradigm
2. Anomalies
3. Crisis Phase
4. New Paradigm
5. Paradigm shift/revolution
Paradigm - Answer: A theory accepted by the scientific community as solving
certain scientific problems
Page 2 of 14
