TEST BANK FOR
Mosby's Fundamentals of Therapeutic Massage, 8th Edition Sandy Fritz Luke Allen Fritz
Chapter 1-15
Chapter 01: Therapeutic Massage as a Profession
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is considered part of professionalism?
a. Having personal ethics
b. Adhering to certain methods and standards
c. Paying organizational dues
d. Writing research papers
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 4
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
2. Therapeutic touch is characterized as
a. a type of service.
b. a product the professional sells.
c. desiring a specific treatment outcome.
d. using only deep pressure.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 5
3. Professional therapeutic massage involves the ability to
a. identify a pattern of muscle tension in a client.
b. know how massage application can affect the client’s body.
c. understand how the systems of the client’s body work together.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 5
4. A client begins receiving massage therapy after the death of her husband. The purpose of the
session for this client should be for her to experience
a. a ritual.
b. verbal communication.
c. eroticism.
d. compassion.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 5
5. The word massage is derived from the
a. Latin root massa.
b. Greek roots massein and masso.
c. Arabic root mass or mass’h.
d. All of the above are true.
, ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 5
6. The skin’s relationship to touch is shown by the fact that it
a. receives projected sensations from visceral structures.
b. has no effect on the autonomic nervous system.
c. reflects visceral conditions but not emotions.
d. prevents deeper sensations from reaching the surface of the body.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 5
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
7. A massage therapist needs to be aware that touch as communication
a. sometimes has the potential for being misunderstood.
b. may be a less emotionally powerful form than speech.
c. is often more clear than speech.
d. creates an individual’s area of personal space.
ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 6
8. A sense of appropriate, comfortable personal space is determined by a person’s
a. gender.
b. age.
c. culture.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 6
9. The interpretation of touch is characterized by
a. having influences from cultures and subcultures.
b. being erotic in the professional setting.
c. remaining static over age changes and life cycles.
d. being inappropriate in a spiritual setting.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 6
10. Spiritual touch is described as
a. never being appropriate.
b. staying separate from organic healing of the body.
c. involving body, mind, and spirit.
d. focusing on the functioning of the body.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 7
11. The best approach to a massage session with a ticklish client is to
a. always use deeper pressure.
b. explain that therapeutic touch is not erotic.
c. explain each therapeutic touch ahead before the treatment.
d. use light stroking after the client has relaxed.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 7
12. A massage therapist and client have disagreed over what time the appointment was supposed
, to be. Each is convinced they are right, and each is highly irritated with the other. What course
of action should the massage therapist take to ensure a client centered approach?
a. Start the massage immediately so no further time is wasted.
b. Use firmer pressure than usual to release anger while still giving a therapeutic
massage.
c. Wait a moment to refocus, then check in with the client to see whether both of
them are ready to begin the treatment.
d. Cancel the appointment and tell the client to leave immediately.
ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 8
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
13. What is the appropriate response if the massage professional experiences unexpected erotic
feelings while massaging a particular client?
a. Stop the massage, give a polite excuse for needing to leave, then find a
replacement massage therapist, telling the client that the new therapist is better.
b. Avoid expressing these feelings to the client, seek mentoring to resolve the issue,
and refer the client if the feelings cannot be managed.
c. Meet with the client later, and only outside of the therapeutic setting to ask
whether these feelings are returned.
d. Finish the massage but refer the client to another massage therapist that is much
older for future sessions.
ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 8
14. The more emotionally or physically charged a body area is, the more the person touched in
that area may feel
a. insecure or threatened.
b. emotionally connected and intimate.
c. aroused.
d. Any of the above may be true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 8
15. The areas considered to be ―no-touch zones‖ in most societies are
a. the anus, genitals, mouth, and feet.
b. mouth, ears, nose, anus, and genitals.
c. anus, genitals, breasts, and backs of the thighs.
d. hands, feet, anus, genitals, and mouth.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 9
16. Using massage to affect the range of motion in a client’s shoulder is an example of what type
of touch?
a. Nontherapeutic
b. Expressive
c. Mechanical
d. Erotic
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 9
, 17. A profession has the following characteristics except
a. a specialized body of knowledge and extensive training.
b. an orientation toward service and a commonly accepted code of ethics.
c. mandated certification in specialties and regulated volunteer requirements.
d. legal recognition through licensure and membership in a professional association.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10
18. Occupational/vocational education is specifically designed to educate for a career/job
resulting in a
a. master’s degree.
b. bachelor’s degree.
c. diploma.
d. board certification.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
19. A client-centered framework for providing massage therapy that includes assessment and
evaluation, plan of care, treatment, reassessment and reevaluation to improve health and/or
well-being influenced by scope of practice and professional standards is massage therapy
a. education.
b. documentation.
c. licensure.
d. specialization.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 31
20. Current trends suggest that the massage profession is changing in which way?
a. Professional massage is becoming more sophisticated, requiring increased
education.
b. The rate of acceptance of massage is slowly increasing but only for wealthy
clients.
c. Massage professionals will work primarily outside the health care environment.
d. Multiple employment opportunities within the service/wellness area of massage
will decrease, and jobs in managed health care will increase.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 11
21. The Federation of State Massage Boards developed which entity?
a. Model Practice Act
b. Board Certification
c. Entry Level Analysis Project
d. Massage Therapy Body of Knowledge
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 14
22. Massage came to the Romans from the
a. Chinese.
b. Mayans.
Mosby's Fundamentals of Therapeutic Massage, 8th Edition Sandy Fritz Luke Allen Fritz
Chapter 1-15
Chapter 01: Therapeutic Massage as a Profession
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is considered part of professionalism?
a. Having personal ethics
b. Adhering to certain methods and standards
c. Paying organizational dues
d. Writing research papers
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 4
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
2. Therapeutic touch is characterized as
a. a type of service.
b. a product the professional sells.
c. desiring a specific treatment outcome.
d. using only deep pressure.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 5
3. Professional therapeutic massage involves the ability to
a. identify a pattern of muscle tension in a client.
b. know how massage application can affect the client’s body.
c. understand how the systems of the client’s body work together.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 5
4. A client begins receiving massage therapy after the death of her husband. The purpose of the
session for this client should be for her to experience
a. a ritual.
b. verbal communication.
c. eroticism.
d. compassion.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 5
5. The word massage is derived from the
a. Latin root massa.
b. Greek roots massein and masso.
c. Arabic root mass or mass’h.
d. All of the above are true.
, ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 5
6. The skin’s relationship to touch is shown by the fact that it
a. receives projected sensations from visceral structures.
b. has no effect on the autonomic nervous system.
c. reflects visceral conditions but not emotions.
d. prevents deeper sensations from reaching the surface of the body.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 5
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
7. A massage therapist needs to be aware that touch as communication
a. sometimes has the potential for being misunderstood.
b. may be a less emotionally powerful form than speech.
c. is often more clear than speech.
d. creates an individual’s area of personal space.
ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 6
8. A sense of appropriate, comfortable personal space is determined by a person’s
a. gender.
b. age.
c. culture.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 6
9. The interpretation of touch is characterized by
a. having influences from cultures and subcultures.
b. being erotic in the professional setting.
c. remaining static over age changes and life cycles.
d. being inappropriate in a spiritual setting.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 6
10. Spiritual touch is described as
a. never being appropriate.
b. staying separate from organic healing of the body.
c. involving body, mind, and spirit.
d. focusing on the functioning of the body.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 7
11. The best approach to a massage session with a ticklish client is to
a. always use deeper pressure.
b. explain that therapeutic touch is not erotic.
c. explain each therapeutic touch ahead before the treatment.
d. use light stroking after the client has relaxed.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 7
12. A massage therapist and client have disagreed over what time the appointment was supposed
, to be. Each is convinced they are right, and each is highly irritated with the other. What course
of action should the massage therapist take to ensure a client centered approach?
a. Start the massage immediately so no further time is wasted.
b. Use firmer pressure than usual to release anger while still giving a therapeutic
massage.
c. Wait a moment to refocus, then check in with the client to see whether both of
them are ready to begin the treatment.
d. Cancel the appointment and tell the client to leave immediately.
ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 8
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
13. What is the appropriate response if the massage professional experiences unexpected erotic
feelings while massaging a particular client?
a. Stop the massage, give a polite excuse for needing to leave, then find a
replacement massage therapist, telling the client that the new therapist is better.
b. Avoid expressing these feelings to the client, seek mentoring to resolve the issue,
and refer the client if the feelings cannot be managed.
c. Meet with the client later, and only outside of the therapeutic setting to ask
whether these feelings are returned.
d. Finish the massage but refer the client to another massage therapist that is much
older for future sessions.
ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 8
14. The more emotionally or physically charged a body area is, the more the person touched in
that area may feel
a. insecure or threatened.
b. emotionally connected and intimate.
c. aroused.
d. Any of the above may be true.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 8
15. The areas considered to be ―no-touch zones‖ in most societies are
a. the anus, genitals, mouth, and feet.
b. mouth, ears, nose, anus, and genitals.
c. anus, genitals, breasts, and backs of the thighs.
d. hands, feet, anus, genitals, and mouth.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 9
16. Using massage to affect the range of motion in a client’s shoulder is an example of what type
of touch?
a. Nontherapeutic
b. Expressive
c. Mechanical
d. Erotic
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 9
, 17. A profession has the following characteristics except
a. a specialized body of knowledge and extensive training.
b. an orientation toward service and a commonly accepted code of ethics.
c. mandated certification in specialties and regulated volunteer requirements.
d. legal recognition through licensure and membership in a professional association.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10
18. Occupational/vocational education is specifically designed to educate for a career/job
resulting in a
a. master’s degree.
b. bachelor’s degree.
c. diploma.
d. board certification.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10
IntroductionExams serve as a fundamental tool in evaluating a student's understanding of a subject, particularly in fields as diverse as business, law, and mathematics. These disciplines not
only have distinct areas of focus but also require unique approaches to assessment, with each exam testing different cognitive abilities, analytical skills, and subject-specific knowledge. In this
essay, we will explore the nature of exams in business, law, and mathematics, their format, and how they evaluate students’ comprehension and application of core concepts. We will also
discuss the similarities and differences in these exams and how they prepare students for their respective careers.________________________________________1. Business Exams1.1.
Overview of Business EducationBusiness education prepares students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-
solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics like accounting, finance, marketing, management, economics, entrepreneurship, and
international business.1.2. Structure of Business ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary
significantly in format. Common types of business exams include:Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are frequently used to assess students’ understanding of business terminology,
theories, and principles.Case Studies: A staple of business exams, case studies present students with real-world business scenarios and ask them to apply their knowledge to solve complex
problems. Case studies evaluate students' ability to think critically and make strategic decisions.Essay/Short Answer Questions: These types of questions test the student’s ability to explain and
analyze business concepts in a detailed and coherent manner.1.3. Skills Tested in Business ExamsCritical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Business exams often include case studies that
challenge students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations. These tests assess decision-making skills, as well as the ability to evaluate various business alternatives.Quantitative
19. A client-centered framework for providing massage therapy that includes assessment and
evaluation, plan of care, treatment, reassessment and reevaluation to improve health and/or
well-being influenced by scope of practice and professional standards is massage therapy
a. education.
b. documentation.
c. licensure.
d. specialization.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 31
20. Current trends suggest that the massage profession is changing in which way?
a. Professional massage is becoming more sophisticated, requiring increased
education.
b. The rate of acceptance of massage is slowly increasing but only for wealthy
clients.
c. Massage professionals will work primarily outside the health care environment.
d. Multiple employment opportunities within the service/wellness area of massage
will decrease, and jobs in managed health care will increase.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 11
21. The Federation of State Massage Boards developed which entity?
a. Model Practice Act
b. Board Certification
c. Entry Level Analysis Project
d. Massage Therapy Body of Knowledge
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 14
22. Massage came to the Romans from the
a. Chinese.
b. Mayans.
