EDF 6222 Exam 1 & 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+
parsimony - ✔✔look for the simplest explanation possible
what is science? - ✔✔an attempt to discover order, and to display lawful
relations
determinism - ✔✔The universe is a lawful and orderly place
what does it mean to be scientifically skeptical? - ✔✔that assumptions
should not be made until evidence is available
How do you reduce observer bias? - ✔✔by ensuring interobserver
agreement
guidelines for gathering evidence - ✔✔- reducing observer bias
- examining experimental control
-replication
- self-correction
what is behaviorism - ✔✔philosophy of the science of human behavior
what does structuralism rely on? - ✔✔introspection
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,structuralism - ✔✔the science of human behavior permits introspection to
explain the conscious mind
methodological behaviorism - ✔✔A philosophical position that views
behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of
science. and relied on logical positivism
-does not consider private events -came from psychophysical parallelism
psychophysical parallelism - ✔✔-mental events can cause only mental
events
-physical events can cause only physical events
What did normand present? - ✔✔-importance of objective, empirical
science
-being skeptical does not equate being cynical: withhold judgement until
sufficient evidence is presented, and examine available evidence before
making a decision
Characteristics of pseudoscience - ✔✔-can't be proven false
-anecdotal evidence
how is science self-correcting? - ✔✔through replication
what is the credo of helping professionals? - ✔✔do no harm
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, explanatory fictions - ✔✔socially approved ways for explaining behavior
that violates parsimony
Classical Behaviorism - ✔✔S-R behavioism that does not account for
consequences or private events
reflex - ✔✔behavior controlled by external agents
who studied conditioned reflexes - ✔✔Pavlov
how did pavlov avoid mentalistic and explanatory fictions? - ✔✔by
controlling conditions that allowed him to show stimuli can be conditioned
evolutionary explanation for reflexes? - ✔✔for survival of the organism
Conditioning can never fashion a _____ - ✔✔novel response
ontogeny - ✔✔-learned beahviors of a particular animal during its lifetime
-O = one
phylogeny - ✔✔behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of
the entire species
how do you know the behavior is phylogenic? - ✔✔when there is no history
of the behavior
what do genes do? - ✔✔-predispose an individual's susceptibility to
influence from the environment
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+
parsimony - ✔✔look for the simplest explanation possible
what is science? - ✔✔an attempt to discover order, and to display lawful
relations
determinism - ✔✔The universe is a lawful and orderly place
what does it mean to be scientifically skeptical? - ✔✔that assumptions
should not be made until evidence is available
How do you reduce observer bias? - ✔✔by ensuring interobserver
agreement
guidelines for gathering evidence - ✔✔- reducing observer bias
- examining experimental control
-replication
- self-correction
what is behaviorism - ✔✔philosophy of the science of human behavior
what does structuralism rely on? - ✔✔introspection
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,structuralism - ✔✔the science of human behavior permits introspection to
explain the conscious mind
methodological behaviorism - ✔✔A philosophical position that views
behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of
science. and relied on logical positivism
-does not consider private events -came from psychophysical parallelism
psychophysical parallelism - ✔✔-mental events can cause only mental
events
-physical events can cause only physical events
What did normand present? - ✔✔-importance of objective, empirical
science
-being skeptical does not equate being cynical: withhold judgement until
sufficient evidence is presented, and examine available evidence before
making a decision
Characteristics of pseudoscience - ✔✔-can't be proven false
-anecdotal evidence
how is science self-correcting? - ✔✔through replication
what is the credo of helping professionals? - ✔✔do no harm
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, explanatory fictions - ✔✔socially approved ways for explaining behavior
that violates parsimony
Classical Behaviorism - ✔✔S-R behavioism that does not account for
consequences or private events
reflex - ✔✔behavior controlled by external agents
who studied conditioned reflexes - ✔✔Pavlov
how did pavlov avoid mentalistic and explanatory fictions? - ✔✔by
controlling conditions that allowed him to show stimuli can be conditioned
evolutionary explanation for reflexes? - ✔✔for survival of the organism
Conditioning can never fashion a _____ - ✔✔novel response
ontogeny - ✔✔-learned beahviors of a particular animal during its lifetime
-O = one
phylogeny - ✔✔behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of
the entire species
how do you know the behavior is phylogenic? - ✔✔when there is no history
of the behavior
what do genes do? - ✔✔-predispose an individual's susceptibility to
influence from the environment
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
