Ortho NCLEX Questions & Answers
100% Correct!!
A retired 66- year- old female patient is being evaluated for osteoporosis as part of a
yearly physical exam. The patient states that she is a smoker, watches television for
most of the day, and has been hospitalized twice with fractures within the last year.
Based on this information, the nurse suspects which condition?
A.Low bone mass leading to increased bone fragility
B.Degeneration of the articular cartilage
C.Recurrent attacks of acute arthritis
D.Personality changes caused by chronic nature of illness - ANSWERA. Low bone
mass leading to increased bone fragility
'
Low bone mass, structural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and
increased susceptibility to fractures are seen with osteoporosis. The patient also has
risk factors associated with osteoporosis: smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and being
female and menopausal. Degenerative changes are associated with frequent
exacerbations of arthritis. There is no indication of personality change in this patient.
The nurse determines that a 55- year-old female patient is experiencing menopause
and is also at risk for osteoporosis. What foods other than milk can the nurse
suggest to this patient to increase calcium intake?
A. Seafood, wheat, corn, green vegetables
B. Chicken vegetables, green vegetables, pasta, broccoli
C. Green vegetables, sardines, salmon with bone, molasses
D. Fresh fruits, English muffins, black beans, asparagus - ANSWERAnswer C is
correct. Women of menopausal age are at risk for osteoporosis, and foods high in
calcium should be encouraged. A diet with green vegetables, sardines, salmon with
bone, and molasses provides high- quality calcium and is recommended for a patient
experiencing menopause in order to decrease the risk of osteoporosis. A diet with
seafood, wheat, corn, and green vegetables is more concentrated in carbohydrates
than proteins containing more calcium. A diet with chicken, green vegetables,
sardines, and broccoli contains some calcium but is lower than the other option.
Foods such as fresh fruits, English muffins, black beans, and asparagus are
inadequate in calcium.
A patient with osteoporosis has been advised to increase the amount of calcium in
her diet. Which food provides the most calcium?
An 8- oz glass of milk
An ounce of cheddar cheese
A half cup of raw broccoli
A 4- ounce salmon croquette - ANSWERAnswer A is correct. An 8-ounce glass of
milk contains 290mg of calcium. Answers B, C, and D contain lesser amounts;
therefore, they are incorrect. (Note: An ounce of cheddar cheese contains 205 mg of
, calcium; half a cup of raw broccoli contains 175mg of calcium; and 4 ounces of
salmon croquette contains 165 mg of calcium).
Which of the following instructions should be included for the patient taking calcium
supplements?
A.The patient should take her calcium with meals
B.The patient should take all her daily calcium supplements at one time
C.The patient should take her calcium supplement after meals to prevent stomach
upset
D.The patient can use calcium- based antacids for supplement. -
ANSWERRationale: Answer D is correct. Many people prefer to supplement their
calcium intake with calcium- based antacids. If calcium supplements are used, they
should be administered 30 minutes before meals to maximize absorption, so answer
A is wrong. Calcium absorption is better if it is administered throughout the day
rather than in a single dose, making answer B wrong. Calcium supplements do not
cause stomach upset, so answer C is wrong.
Alendronate (Fosamax) is ordered for a patient with osteoporosis. Which information
should the nurse teach the patient about the medication?
A. Acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator
B. Reduces risk of invasive breast cancer
C. May be obtained as a nasal spray
D. Inhibits bone resorption - ANSWERAlendronate (Fosamax), a bisphosphonate, is
a potent inhibitor of bone resorption that preserves bone mass and increases bone
density. Raloxifene (Evista) is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modulator
that is used to treat osteoporosis, and which also reduces the risk of invasive breast
cancer. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) is dispensed as a nasal spray.
The nurse is caring for a patient with osteoporosis who is being discharged on
alendronate (Fosamax). Which statement would indicate effective teaching?
A. "I should take the medication immediately before bed"
B. "I should remain in an upright position for 30 minutes after taking the medication"
C. "The medication is more effective if I take it with milk or dairy products"
D. If I skip a dose, I can take two tablets the next time" - ANSWERAnswer: B-
Rationale should remain upright for 30 mins.
How long does a patient taking bisphosphonates need to stay upright after
administration?
A. 10 minutes
B. 20 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 120 minutes - ANSWER30 minutes
Bisphosphonates are administered on arising in the morning with a full glass of water
on an empty stomach, and the patient must stay upright for 30 to 60 minutes.
When caring for a client with hypocalcemia, the nurse should assess for:
A. A decreased level of consciousness
B. Tetany
C. Bradycardia
100% Correct!!
A retired 66- year- old female patient is being evaluated for osteoporosis as part of a
yearly physical exam. The patient states that she is a smoker, watches television for
most of the day, and has been hospitalized twice with fractures within the last year.
Based on this information, the nurse suspects which condition?
A.Low bone mass leading to increased bone fragility
B.Degeneration of the articular cartilage
C.Recurrent attacks of acute arthritis
D.Personality changes caused by chronic nature of illness - ANSWERA. Low bone
mass leading to increased bone fragility
'
Low bone mass, structural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and
increased susceptibility to fractures are seen with osteoporosis. The patient also has
risk factors associated with osteoporosis: smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and being
female and menopausal. Degenerative changes are associated with frequent
exacerbations of arthritis. There is no indication of personality change in this patient.
The nurse determines that a 55- year-old female patient is experiencing menopause
and is also at risk for osteoporosis. What foods other than milk can the nurse
suggest to this patient to increase calcium intake?
A. Seafood, wheat, corn, green vegetables
B. Chicken vegetables, green vegetables, pasta, broccoli
C. Green vegetables, sardines, salmon with bone, molasses
D. Fresh fruits, English muffins, black beans, asparagus - ANSWERAnswer C is
correct. Women of menopausal age are at risk for osteoporosis, and foods high in
calcium should be encouraged. A diet with green vegetables, sardines, salmon with
bone, and molasses provides high- quality calcium and is recommended for a patient
experiencing menopause in order to decrease the risk of osteoporosis. A diet with
seafood, wheat, corn, and green vegetables is more concentrated in carbohydrates
than proteins containing more calcium. A diet with chicken, green vegetables,
sardines, and broccoli contains some calcium but is lower than the other option.
Foods such as fresh fruits, English muffins, black beans, and asparagus are
inadequate in calcium.
A patient with osteoporosis has been advised to increase the amount of calcium in
her diet. Which food provides the most calcium?
An 8- oz glass of milk
An ounce of cheddar cheese
A half cup of raw broccoli
A 4- ounce salmon croquette - ANSWERAnswer A is correct. An 8-ounce glass of
milk contains 290mg of calcium. Answers B, C, and D contain lesser amounts;
therefore, they are incorrect. (Note: An ounce of cheddar cheese contains 205 mg of
, calcium; half a cup of raw broccoli contains 175mg of calcium; and 4 ounces of
salmon croquette contains 165 mg of calcium).
Which of the following instructions should be included for the patient taking calcium
supplements?
A.The patient should take her calcium with meals
B.The patient should take all her daily calcium supplements at one time
C.The patient should take her calcium supplement after meals to prevent stomach
upset
D.The patient can use calcium- based antacids for supplement. -
ANSWERRationale: Answer D is correct. Many people prefer to supplement their
calcium intake with calcium- based antacids. If calcium supplements are used, they
should be administered 30 minutes before meals to maximize absorption, so answer
A is wrong. Calcium absorption is better if it is administered throughout the day
rather than in a single dose, making answer B wrong. Calcium supplements do not
cause stomach upset, so answer C is wrong.
Alendronate (Fosamax) is ordered for a patient with osteoporosis. Which information
should the nurse teach the patient about the medication?
A. Acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator
B. Reduces risk of invasive breast cancer
C. May be obtained as a nasal spray
D. Inhibits bone resorption - ANSWERAlendronate (Fosamax), a bisphosphonate, is
a potent inhibitor of bone resorption that preserves bone mass and increases bone
density. Raloxifene (Evista) is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modulator
that is used to treat osteoporosis, and which also reduces the risk of invasive breast
cancer. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) is dispensed as a nasal spray.
The nurse is caring for a patient with osteoporosis who is being discharged on
alendronate (Fosamax). Which statement would indicate effective teaching?
A. "I should take the medication immediately before bed"
B. "I should remain in an upright position for 30 minutes after taking the medication"
C. "The medication is more effective if I take it with milk or dairy products"
D. If I skip a dose, I can take two tablets the next time" - ANSWERAnswer: B-
Rationale should remain upright for 30 mins.
How long does a patient taking bisphosphonates need to stay upright after
administration?
A. 10 minutes
B. 20 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 120 minutes - ANSWER30 minutes
Bisphosphonates are administered on arising in the morning with a full glass of water
on an empty stomach, and the patient must stay upright for 30 to 60 minutes.
When caring for a client with hypocalcemia, the nurse should assess for:
A. A decreased level of consciousness
B. Tetany
C. Bradycardia
