Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
1. Antihyperten- heart rate, peripheral vascular response
sive drugs effect
____________ **exert effects on one or both
and
________________.
2. physiological primary control by baroreceptors
blood pressure - located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus
control - respond to stretch
- alter cardiac output and peripheral vascular total resis-
tance
also influenced by
- hypothalamus/brainstem (SNS, hormones)
- kidneys (fluid balance)
3. hypertension high blood pressure
(HTN)
largely asymptomatic, but increases risk of other CV dis-
eases and complications ("silent killer")
affects 1 in 3 American adults (higher prevalence in elder-
ly and African American populations)
only 50% of pts with HTN are controlled
4. When would a pt for adults with confirmed HTN and CVD* OR 10-year
become eligible ASCVD** risk of 10% or higher, the goal is to get their
for antihyperten- BP to <130/80mmHg (therapeutically controlled)
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
sive drug thera- threshold for antihypertensive therapy
py? - BP is > or = 140/90mmHg in pts with CVD/ASCVD
- systolic BP is > or = 130mmHg in persons >65 yrs
*CVD = cardiovascular disease
*ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
5. 5 most pre- - diuretics
scribed classes - angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE in-
of antihyperten- hibitors)
sives - angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- beta blockers
- calcium channel blockers
6. What are the weight loss - 5-20mmHg/10 kg loss
5 non-pharmaco- (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m^2)
logic therapies
for HTN manage- DASH diet - 8-14mmHg
ment and how do
they affect BP? Reduce salt intake - 2-8mmHg
Physical activity - 4-9mmHg
(30 min 5-6 days/week)
Moderate alcohol consumption - 2-4mmHg
(2 or less per day for men, 1 or less per day for women)
7. diuretics (+ 3 first-line antihypertensive agents that act on the kidneys
types)
inexpensive and works on a large pt population with
mild-moderate HTN
also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure
3 types
- Thiazide
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
- Loop
- Potassium-sparing
8. diuretics MOA target tissue - kidneys (nephrons)
(general)
- increases the formation and excretion of urine
- ensures that Na+ is excreted rather than absorbed
- dec fluid volume in the peripheral vascular system
(where Na+ goes, water follows)
- also dec cardiac workload (CHF txtmnt)
9. diuretics MOA Thiazide
(specific) - acts on the early section of the distal tubule of the
- Thiazide nephron
- Loop - prevents Na+ reabsorption
- Potassi- - Na+ and water are excreted
um-sparing
Loop
- acts on the ascending loop of Henle
- prevents Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
- Na+, Cl-, and water are excreted
Potassium-Sparing
- acts on the distal tubule of the nephron
- prevents Na+ reabsorption while ensuring K+ reabsorp-
tion
- Na+ and water are excreted
10. Sympatholytic antihypertensive agents that act on the nervous system
Drugs (+ 4 types) (interfere with sympathetic discharge or response)
classified based on how or where they exert their thera-
peutic effects
types
- beta-adrenergic blockers
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
- alpha-1-adrenergic blockers
- presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors
- centrally acting agents
11. What is the suffix -olol
associated with
beta blockers? (know the name Metoprolol)
12. What is the suffix -zosin
associated with
alpha blockers?
13. beta-adrenergic ex. Metoprolol
blockers (beta
blockers) target - beta receptors within the heart
- target tissue
- MOA MOA
- decrease HR and myocardial contraction force (aka. dec
CO)
- dec excitatory effects of SNS (adrenergic NTs)
- dec cardiac workload
-> dec BP, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, CHF
14. indications for - hypertension (sympatholytic drug)
beta blockers (4) - prophylactic (preventative) treatment of angina
- arrhythmias (v-tach, a-tach)
- congestive heart failure
15. How do beta dec excitatory effects of the sympathetic nervous system
blockers treat ar- (catecholamines - norepinephrine, epinephrine)
rythmias?
results
- dec cardiac automaticity (ability of cardiac cells to gen-
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
1. Antihyperten- heart rate, peripheral vascular response
sive drugs effect
____________ **exert effects on one or both
and
________________.
2. physiological primary control by baroreceptors
blood pressure - located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus
control - respond to stretch
- alter cardiac output and peripheral vascular total resis-
tance
also influenced by
- hypothalamus/brainstem (SNS, hormones)
- kidneys (fluid balance)
3. hypertension high blood pressure
(HTN)
largely asymptomatic, but increases risk of other CV dis-
eases and complications ("silent killer")
affects 1 in 3 American adults (higher prevalence in elder-
ly and African American populations)
only 50% of pts with HTN are controlled
4. When would a pt for adults with confirmed HTN and CVD* OR 10-year
become eligible ASCVD** risk of 10% or higher, the goal is to get their
for antihyperten- BP to <130/80mmHg (therapeutically controlled)
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
sive drug thera- threshold for antihypertensive therapy
py? - BP is > or = 140/90mmHg in pts with CVD/ASCVD
- systolic BP is > or = 130mmHg in persons >65 yrs
*CVD = cardiovascular disease
*ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
5. 5 most pre- - diuretics
scribed classes - angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE in-
of antihyperten- hibitors)
sives - angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- beta blockers
- calcium channel blockers
6. What are the weight loss - 5-20mmHg/10 kg loss
5 non-pharmaco- (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m^2)
logic therapies
for HTN manage- DASH diet - 8-14mmHg
ment and how do
they affect BP? Reduce salt intake - 2-8mmHg
Physical activity - 4-9mmHg
(30 min 5-6 days/week)
Moderate alcohol consumption - 2-4mmHg
(2 or less per day for men, 1 or less per day for women)
7. diuretics (+ 3 first-line antihypertensive agents that act on the kidneys
types)
inexpensive and works on a large pt population with
mild-moderate HTN
also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure
3 types
- Thiazide
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
- Loop
- Potassium-sparing
8. diuretics MOA target tissue - kidneys (nephrons)
(general)
- increases the formation and excretion of urine
- ensures that Na+ is excreted rather than absorbed
- dec fluid volume in the peripheral vascular system
(where Na+ goes, water follows)
- also dec cardiac workload (CHF txtmnt)
9. diuretics MOA Thiazide
(specific) - acts on the early section of the distal tubule of the
- Thiazide nephron
- Loop - prevents Na+ reabsorption
- Potassi- - Na+ and water are excreted
um-sparing
Loop
- acts on the ascending loop of Henle
- prevents Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
- Na+, Cl-, and water are excreted
Potassium-Sparing
- acts on the distal tubule of the nephron
- prevents Na+ reabsorption while ensuring K+ reabsorp-
tion
- Na+ and water are excreted
10. Sympatholytic antihypertensive agents that act on the nervous system
Drugs (+ 4 types) (interfere with sympathetic discharge or response)
classified based on how or where they exert their thera-
peutic effects
types
- beta-adrenergic blockers
, Pharmacology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g1hzua
- alpha-1-adrenergic blockers
- presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors
- centrally acting agents
11. What is the suffix -olol
associated with
beta blockers? (know the name Metoprolol)
12. What is the suffix -zosin
associated with
alpha blockers?
13. beta-adrenergic ex. Metoprolol
blockers (beta
blockers) target - beta receptors within the heart
- target tissue
- MOA MOA
- decrease HR and myocardial contraction force (aka. dec
CO)
- dec excitatory effects of SNS (adrenergic NTs)
- dec cardiac workload
-> dec BP, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, CHF
14. indications for - hypertension (sympatholytic drug)
beta blockers (4) - prophylactic (preventative) treatment of angina
- arrhythmias (v-tach, a-tach)
- congestive heart failure
15. How do beta dec excitatory effects of the sympathetic nervous system
blockers treat ar- (catecholamines - norepinephrine, epinephrine)
rythmias?
results
- dec cardiac automaticity (ability of cardiac cells to gen-
