©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Crime and deviance key names + definitions
Durkheim - Answers✔Collective consciousness, anomie
Merton - Answers✔Strain theory
Albert Cohen - Answers✔Status frustration
Miller - Answers✔Focal concerns
Becker - Answers✔Labelling
Stan Cohen - Answers✔Amplification of deviance, folk devils and moral panics
Snider - Answers✔Reluctant to pass laws on business
Chambliss - Answers✔Laws favour rich
Lea & Young - Answers✔Relative deprivation and marginalisation
Murray - Answers✔Dependency culture
Carlen - Answers✔Sex role theory
Heidensohn - Answers✔Control of women
Hall et al - Answers✔Moral Panic - Scapegoating in crisis in hegemony
Pollak - Answers✔Chivalry thesis
Davis - Answers✔Safety Valves
Crimes are acts that break laws; Deviance is an act that breaks social norms and values.. -
Answers✔Note: Try to type the flash cards with brackets for bonus consolidation points!
Answer: Crimes are acts that break laws; Deviance is an act that breaks social norms and values.
Crime - Answers✔any behaviour that breaks the law e.g. stealing or rape.
1
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deviance - Answers✔any behaviour that breaks social norms and values e.g. not saying please
and thank you.
Legal deviance - Answers✔Deviance that doesn't break the law.
Illegal deviance - Answers✔Deviance that breaks the law.
Inadequate socialisation - Answers✔Not being taught norms and values adequately
Corporate crime - Answers✔Crime committed by companies and businesses for money or status
e.g. tax evasion in order to earn more money.
Tax evasion - Answers✔An illegal way of earning more money by businesses. They pay less or
no tax at all.
Tax avoidance - Answers✔A LEGAL way of earning more money by businesses. Businesses do
this through artificial means in order to pay less tax.
White collar crime - Answers✔Crime committed by people of high authority in businesses e.g.
CEOs
Marxist view - Answers✔Type in Causes of crime: (sociological theory) view e.g. Causes of
crime: Sociological theory view
This view believes that crime is caused by capitalism.
They believe that capitalism causes crime in two ways:
1 - Economic inequality causes poverty, thus e.g. people with low wages may steal to earn
money.
2 - Capitalism promotes the value of greed e.g. rich people commit tax evasion in order to earn
more money. Corporate crime and white collar crime are related to this.
Patriarchy - Answers✔Where men dominate women in society e.g. men usually are more
physically aggressive than women.
Traditional gender roles - Answers✔Where people are socialised to the roles they're naturally
suited to e.g. men are taught to be more aggressive and dominant whereas women are caring and
sympathetic.
Testosterone - Answers✔A hormone that sends chemical signals to the body associated with
aggression - it deepens the voice, makes you hairier etc.
Men produce up to 10x more testosterone than women every day. (Men produce up to 10mg of
testosterone whereas women produce up to 1mg)
2
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Crime and deviance key names + definitions
Durkheim - Answers✔Collective consciousness, anomie
Merton - Answers✔Strain theory
Albert Cohen - Answers✔Status frustration
Miller - Answers✔Focal concerns
Becker - Answers✔Labelling
Stan Cohen - Answers✔Amplification of deviance, folk devils and moral panics
Snider - Answers✔Reluctant to pass laws on business
Chambliss - Answers✔Laws favour rich
Lea & Young - Answers✔Relative deprivation and marginalisation
Murray - Answers✔Dependency culture
Carlen - Answers✔Sex role theory
Heidensohn - Answers✔Control of women
Hall et al - Answers✔Moral Panic - Scapegoating in crisis in hegemony
Pollak - Answers✔Chivalry thesis
Davis - Answers✔Safety Valves
Crimes are acts that break laws; Deviance is an act that breaks social norms and values.. -
Answers✔Note: Try to type the flash cards with brackets for bonus consolidation points!
Answer: Crimes are acts that break laws; Deviance is an act that breaks social norms and values.
Crime - Answers✔any behaviour that breaks the law e.g. stealing or rape.
1
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deviance - Answers✔any behaviour that breaks social norms and values e.g. not saying please
and thank you.
Legal deviance - Answers✔Deviance that doesn't break the law.
Illegal deviance - Answers✔Deviance that breaks the law.
Inadequate socialisation - Answers✔Not being taught norms and values adequately
Corporate crime - Answers✔Crime committed by companies and businesses for money or status
e.g. tax evasion in order to earn more money.
Tax evasion - Answers✔An illegal way of earning more money by businesses. They pay less or
no tax at all.
Tax avoidance - Answers✔A LEGAL way of earning more money by businesses. Businesses do
this through artificial means in order to pay less tax.
White collar crime - Answers✔Crime committed by people of high authority in businesses e.g.
CEOs
Marxist view - Answers✔Type in Causes of crime: (sociological theory) view e.g. Causes of
crime: Sociological theory view
This view believes that crime is caused by capitalism.
They believe that capitalism causes crime in two ways:
1 - Economic inequality causes poverty, thus e.g. people with low wages may steal to earn
money.
2 - Capitalism promotes the value of greed e.g. rich people commit tax evasion in order to earn
more money. Corporate crime and white collar crime are related to this.
Patriarchy - Answers✔Where men dominate women in society e.g. men usually are more
physically aggressive than women.
Traditional gender roles - Answers✔Where people are socialised to the roles they're naturally
suited to e.g. men are taught to be more aggressive and dominant whereas women are caring and
sympathetic.
Testosterone - Answers✔A hormone that sends chemical signals to the body associated with
aggression - it deepens the voice, makes you hairier etc.
Men produce up to 10x more testosterone than women every day. (Men produce up to 10mg of
testosterone whereas women produce up to 1mg)
2
