NURS 504
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1. Joseph Priestly Pioneer of Chemistry
1773
2. Horace Wells 1844 - Used nitrous oxide for tooth extrac-
tion
Colton - med student
3. Alice Magaw 1889
mother of anesthesia
4. National Association of Nurse June 17th, 1931.
Anesthetists Founded by Agatha Hodgins
5. Year of the first certification 1945
exam
6. 3 categories of anesthesia 1. General
2. Sedation- MAC
3. Regional
7. 3 states of MAC Anxiolysis (mild)
Amnesia (moderate),
Analgesia/Hypnotic (Deep)
8. Three characteristics of anes- Amnesia
thesia Analgesia
Akinesia
9. Stages of Anesthesia Stage 1 :Amnesia
/Guedel's signs Stage 2: Delirium
Stage 3: Surgical Plane
Stage 4: Overdose
10. Stage 1: Amnesia RR, pupils, ocular movement, eye reflexes,
muscle tone normal
11. Stage 2: Delirium RR high, irregular
Pupils dilated, deconjugate
Muscle tone: tense
Eye reflexes: Droopy lid
, NURS 504
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12. Surgical Plane Plane 2: pupils constricted
PLane 4: pupils dilated, no light reflex
Plane 3&4: no response to surgical stimu-
lation
No ocular movement after plane 1
13. Minimal Alveolar Concentra- Inhaled anesthetic = Required to prevent
tion (MAC) 50% of subjects from moving in response
to noxious stimulant [skin incision] at 1 at-
mosphere
14. Nitrous Oxide MAC 104%
Blood:Gas 0.47
15. Forane (isoflurane) MAC - 1.15%
ED95 - 1.49%
60% N20 - 0.5%
B/G - 1.4
16. Sevoflurane (Ultane) MAC: 2%
ED95: 2.6%
60% N2O: 0.66%
B/G: 0.65
17. Desflurane (Suprane) MAC 6-7%
ED95 : 7.8-9.1%
60% N20: 2.83%
B/G: 0.42
18. Thiopental (Pentothal) Class: Barbiturate
Induction/MAC dose:
3-5mg/kg/IV
Onset: 15-30 seconds
, NURS 504
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Duration: 5-10 minutes
19. Methohexital (Brevital) 1-1.5 mg/kg/IV
Onset: 15-30 seconds
Duration 5-10 minutes
Kids: Rectal 25mg/kg
Used in place of Propofol sometimes
20. Precedex (dexmedetomidine) Alpha-2 agonist
dosage Loading dose: 0.5-1mcg/kg/IV over 10 min-
utes
Onset: 10-20 minutes
DOA: 10-30 min after stopped
Side effects: brady and hypotension
21. Midazolam (Versed) Class: Benzo
Conc: 1mg/ml or 5mg/ml
Dose: 1-3mg/IV sedation
PO kids: 0.5-1mg/kg
DOA: 20-60 min PO
Onset: 30-60 sec
22. MOA of Midazolam (Versed) MOA: attaches to the alpha subunit on the
GABA receptor to produce anesthesia
Indication: Anterograde amnesia and anx-
iolysis
Metabolism: CYP pathway
23. Precedex (dexmedetomidine) Selective alpha-2 agonist
Decreases the need for narcotics and
maintains respiratory stability
Closest thing to natural sleep
24. Remimazolam/Byfavo Procedures <30 min
Dose: 2.5-5.0 mg/IV 1 min
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99t7fb
1. Joseph Priestly Pioneer of Chemistry
1773
2. Horace Wells 1844 - Used nitrous oxide for tooth extrac-
tion
Colton - med student
3. Alice Magaw 1889
mother of anesthesia
4. National Association of Nurse June 17th, 1931.
Anesthetists Founded by Agatha Hodgins
5. Year of the first certification 1945
exam
6. 3 categories of anesthesia 1. General
2. Sedation- MAC
3. Regional
7. 3 states of MAC Anxiolysis (mild)
Amnesia (moderate),
Analgesia/Hypnotic (Deep)
8. Three characteristics of anes- Amnesia
thesia Analgesia
Akinesia
9. Stages of Anesthesia Stage 1 :Amnesia
/Guedel's signs Stage 2: Delirium
Stage 3: Surgical Plane
Stage 4: Overdose
10. Stage 1: Amnesia RR, pupils, ocular movement, eye reflexes,
muscle tone normal
11. Stage 2: Delirium RR high, irregular
Pupils dilated, deconjugate
Muscle tone: tense
Eye reflexes: Droopy lid
, NURS 504
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99t7fb
12. Surgical Plane Plane 2: pupils constricted
PLane 4: pupils dilated, no light reflex
Plane 3&4: no response to surgical stimu-
lation
No ocular movement after plane 1
13. Minimal Alveolar Concentra- Inhaled anesthetic = Required to prevent
tion (MAC) 50% of subjects from moving in response
to noxious stimulant [skin incision] at 1 at-
mosphere
14. Nitrous Oxide MAC 104%
Blood:Gas 0.47
15. Forane (isoflurane) MAC - 1.15%
ED95 - 1.49%
60% N20 - 0.5%
B/G - 1.4
16. Sevoflurane (Ultane) MAC: 2%
ED95: 2.6%
60% N2O: 0.66%
B/G: 0.65
17. Desflurane (Suprane) MAC 6-7%
ED95 : 7.8-9.1%
60% N20: 2.83%
B/G: 0.42
18. Thiopental (Pentothal) Class: Barbiturate
Induction/MAC dose:
3-5mg/kg/IV
Onset: 15-30 seconds
, NURS 504
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99t7fb
Duration: 5-10 minutes
19. Methohexital (Brevital) 1-1.5 mg/kg/IV
Onset: 15-30 seconds
Duration 5-10 minutes
Kids: Rectal 25mg/kg
Used in place of Propofol sometimes
20. Precedex (dexmedetomidine) Alpha-2 agonist
dosage Loading dose: 0.5-1mcg/kg/IV over 10 min-
utes
Onset: 10-20 minutes
DOA: 10-30 min after stopped
Side effects: brady and hypotension
21. Midazolam (Versed) Class: Benzo
Conc: 1mg/ml or 5mg/ml
Dose: 1-3mg/IV sedation
PO kids: 0.5-1mg/kg
DOA: 20-60 min PO
Onset: 30-60 sec
22. MOA of Midazolam (Versed) MOA: attaches to the alpha subunit on the
GABA receptor to produce anesthesia
Indication: Anterograde amnesia and anx-
iolysis
Metabolism: CYP pathway
23. Precedex (dexmedetomidine) Selective alpha-2 agonist
Decreases the need for narcotics and
maintains respiratory stability
Closest thing to natural sleep
24. Remimazolam/Byfavo Procedures <30 min
Dose: 2.5-5.0 mg/IV 1 min
