Cellular Biology Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024 (Rated A+)
nucleus - Answers contains nearly all cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins
and other important molecules
nuclear envelope - Answers material that surrounds nucleus; composed of two membranes; has
thousans of pores for material to move in/out
chromatin - Answers granular material that consists of DNA bound to protein
usually spread throughout nucleus
when a cell divides, it condenses to form CHROMOSOMES
chromosomes - Answers distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is
passed from one generation of cells to the next
nucleolus - Answers small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins
ribosomes - Answers small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm where proteins
are assembled; produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum - Answers internal membrane system
site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembked, along with proteins and other
materials that are exported from the cell
rough ER - Answers site where newly made proteins leave the ribosomes and may be chemically
modified
smooth ER - Answers contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the
synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
golgi apparatus - Answers where proteins are shipped to their final destinations throughout/ outside of
the cell
Its job is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for
storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
lysosomes - Answers small organelles filled with enzymes that digest/ break down lipids, carbohydrates,
and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; break down old organelles
vacuoles - Answers storage places for materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
regulates water in cell
, mitochondria - Answers (eukaryotic cells)
organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient
for the cell to use
chloroplasts - Answers (plants)
Organelles that convert the chemical energy from sunlight to chemical energy in a process called
photosynthesis
organelle DNA - Answers (chloroplasts and mitochondria)
contain their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules
cytoskeleton - Answers network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape
microfilaments - Answers threadlike structures made up ofa protein called actin
form extensive networks in some cells that allow movement
microtubules - Answers hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins
helps separate chromosomes
centrioles - Answers organize cell division
cell membrane - Answers regulates what enters and leaves the cell
provides protection and support
composed of a lipid bilayer
cell walls - Answers (plants/prokaryotes)
provides support and function for cell
plants- made of cellulose
transformation - Answers process in which ne strain of bacteria is changed by s gene or genes from
another strain of bacteria
nucleotide - Answers monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
store and transmit genetic information
prokaryote - Answers unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
eukaryotes - Answers organism whose cells contain nuclei
nucleus - Answers contains nearly all cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins
and other important molecules
nuclear envelope - Answers material that surrounds nucleus; composed of two membranes; has
thousans of pores for material to move in/out
chromatin - Answers granular material that consists of DNA bound to protein
usually spread throughout nucleus
when a cell divides, it condenses to form CHROMOSOMES
chromosomes - Answers distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is
passed from one generation of cells to the next
nucleolus - Answers small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins
ribosomes - Answers small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm where proteins
are assembled; produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum - Answers internal membrane system
site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembked, along with proteins and other
materials that are exported from the cell
rough ER - Answers site where newly made proteins leave the ribosomes and may be chemically
modified
smooth ER - Answers contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the
synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
golgi apparatus - Answers where proteins are shipped to their final destinations throughout/ outside of
the cell
Its job is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for
storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
lysosomes - Answers small organelles filled with enzymes that digest/ break down lipids, carbohydrates,
and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; break down old organelles
vacuoles - Answers storage places for materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
regulates water in cell
, mitochondria - Answers (eukaryotic cells)
organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient
for the cell to use
chloroplasts - Answers (plants)
Organelles that convert the chemical energy from sunlight to chemical energy in a process called
photosynthesis
organelle DNA - Answers (chloroplasts and mitochondria)
contain their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules
cytoskeleton - Answers network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape
microfilaments - Answers threadlike structures made up ofa protein called actin
form extensive networks in some cells that allow movement
microtubules - Answers hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins
helps separate chromosomes
centrioles - Answers organize cell division
cell membrane - Answers regulates what enters and leaves the cell
provides protection and support
composed of a lipid bilayer
cell walls - Answers (plants/prokaryotes)
provides support and function for cell
plants- made of cellulose
transformation - Answers process in which ne strain of bacteria is changed by s gene or genes from
another strain of bacteria
nucleotide - Answers monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
store and transmit genetic information
prokaryote - Answers unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
eukaryotes - Answers organism whose cells contain nuclei
