PSYC1004 Personality
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
1. What is person- - Enduring characteristics and behaviours that comprise
ality? a person's unique adjustment to life
- Includes major traits, interests, drives, values, self-con-
cept, abilities and emotional patterns
2. How is personali- - Self report (responses to questionnaires)
ty measured? - Behaviour (depending on contextual factors)
3. What makes a - Dimensions or categories derive from experience
measure of per- - Reliably predict behaviour, people stable in aligning with
sonality scientif- dimensions
ic - evidence - Big 5 inventory (CANOE)
based
4. CANOE Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, open-
ness to experience, extraversion
5. Conscientious- - Organised, self disciplined, thorough
ness - Questionnaire items, schedules
6. Agreeableness - Desire for social harmony
- Cooperative, considerate, kind, helpful, pathic
7. Neuroticism - Tendency to have strong negative emotions
- Being stressed/worried
8. Openness to ex- - Intellectually curious, imaginative, introspective, creative
perience
9. Extraversion - Energetic, talkative, outgoing, focused on external
sources
10. What makes a - Phrenology (using particular part of brain and mind for
measure of per- personality, brain expanding making lump in skull mea-
sonality scientif- suring characteristics)
ic not evidence - Projective tests (describing abstract images providing
based insight into personality, rigorous tests show it is not true,
doesn't map into how people behave in other contexts)
11.
, PSYC1004 Personality
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
Major theories of Psychodynamic, trait, behavioural, humanistic, so-
personality cial-cognitive theory
12. Psychodynamic - Freud
theory - Focused on unconscious processes
- Components of personality
- Defence mechanisms used by ego
- Stages of psychosexual development
- Controversial
13. Components of - ID (primitive desires and impulses)
personality - Ego (only conscious part, mediates between ID and real
world)
- Superego (internalised social ethical standards, moral
component, provides rewards [pride] and punishment
[shame])
14. Defence mecha- - Projection (unconscious urge projected onto others)
nisms used by - Displacement (transferring emotion reactions to other
the ego objects/situations)
- Repression (feeling forced to become unconscious,
seen as unacceptable)
- Reaction formation (doing opposite of unconscious
urge)
- Denial (refusal to admit threatening reality)
- Rationalisation (finding a seemingly logical explanation
for unacceptable thought, feeling or behaviour)
15. Stages of psy- - Oral (0-1)
chosexual devel- - Anal (1-3 - anal retentive/anal expulsive)
opment - Phallic (3-6 - Oedipus or Electra complex, penis envy)
- Latency (6-puberty)
- Genital (puberty onwards)
16. Trait theory - These reflect core dimensions on which people vary
- They exist, cannot be observed but can be inferred
- More than just descriptions
- Big 5 model
17.
, PSYC1004 Personality
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
Behavioural the- - Observable behaviour rather than internal psychological
ory processes
- External environment and how it shapes personality
- Personality as adaptation to environment
- "Individual's behaviour is shaped by consequences of
that behaviour" B.F.Skinner (operant conditioning)
18. Humanistic theo- - Assumes humans are active agents who possess free
ry will and make deliberate choices
- Basic human tendency to move toward being authentic
and fulfilled (growth)
- Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
- Focus on self concept (ideal self, actual self, self es-
teem)
- Conditions of worth to thwart someone becoming fully
functioning
- Rogerian theory
19. Fully functioning Congruency between ideal self and actual self
20. Ideal self Drive to becoming fully functioning
21. Rogerian theory - Client centred, therapist needs to be genuine and em-
pathetic
- Cultivate unconditional positive regard to help resolve
incongruence
22. Maslow's hierar- - Self actualisation
chy of needs - Esteem
- Love and belonging
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
23. Social cognitive - Albert Bandura
theory - Focus on observational learning (direct reinforcement
cannot account for all human behaviour, behaviour
learned through observation)
- Beliefs about abilities have a profound effect on motiva-
tion, performance, resilience and wellbeing
- Self efficacy
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
1. What is person- - Enduring characteristics and behaviours that comprise
ality? a person's unique adjustment to life
- Includes major traits, interests, drives, values, self-con-
cept, abilities and emotional patterns
2. How is personali- - Self report (responses to questionnaires)
ty measured? - Behaviour (depending on contextual factors)
3. What makes a - Dimensions or categories derive from experience
measure of per- - Reliably predict behaviour, people stable in aligning with
sonality scientif- dimensions
ic - evidence - Big 5 inventory (CANOE)
based
4. CANOE Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, open-
ness to experience, extraversion
5. Conscientious- - Organised, self disciplined, thorough
ness - Questionnaire items, schedules
6. Agreeableness - Desire for social harmony
- Cooperative, considerate, kind, helpful, pathic
7. Neuroticism - Tendency to have strong negative emotions
- Being stressed/worried
8. Openness to ex- - Intellectually curious, imaginative, introspective, creative
perience
9. Extraversion - Energetic, talkative, outgoing, focused on external
sources
10. What makes a - Phrenology (using particular part of brain and mind for
measure of per- personality, brain expanding making lump in skull mea-
sonality scientif- suring characteristics)
ic not evidence - Projective tests (describing abstract images providing
based insight into personality, rigorous tests show it is not true,
doesn't map into how people behave in other contexts)
11.
, PSYC1004 Personality
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
Major theories of Psychodynamic, trait, behavioural, humanistic, so-
personality cial-cognitive theory
12. Psychodynamic - Freud
theory - Focused on unconscious processes
- Components of personality
- Defence mechanisms used by ego
- Stages of psychosexual development
- Controversial
13. Components of - ID (primitive desires and impulses)
personality - Ego (only conscious part, mediates between ID and real
world)
- Superego (internalised social ethical standards, moral
component, provides rewards [pride] and punishment
[shame])
14. Defence mecha- - Projection (unconscious urge projected onto others)
nisms used by - Displacement (transferring emotion reactions to other
the ego objects/situations)
- Repression (feeling forced to become unconscious,
seen as unacceptable)
- Reaction formation (doing opposite of unconscious
urge)
- Denial (refusal to admit threatening reality)
- Rationalisation (finding a seemingly logical explanation
for unacceptable thought, feeling or behaviour)
15. Stages of psy- - Oral (0-1)
chosexual devel- - Anal (1-3 - anal retentive/anal expulsive)
opment - Phallic (3-6 - Oedipus or Electra complex, penis envy)
- Latency (6-puberty)
- Genital (puberty onwards)
16. Trait theory - These reflect core dimensions on which people vary
- They exist, cannot be observed but can be inferred
- More than just descriptions
- Big 5 model
17.
, PSYC1004 Personality
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fx9ja8
Behavioural the- - Observable behaviour rather than internal psychological
ory processes
- External environment and how it shapes personality
- Personality as adaptation to environment
- "Individual's behaviour is shaped by consequences of
that behaviour" B.F.Skinner (operant conditioning)
18. Humanistic theo- - Assumes humans are active agents who possess free
ry will and make deliberate choices
- Basic human tendency to move toward being authentic
and fulfilled (growth)
- Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
- Focus on self concept (ideal self, actual self, self es-
teem)
- Conditions of worth to thwart someone becoming fully
functioning
- Rogerian theory
19. Fully functioning Congruency between ideal self and actual self
20. Ideal self Drive to becoming fully functioning
21. Rogerian theory - Client centred, therapist needs to be genuine and em-
pathetic
- Cultivate unconditional positive regard to help resolve
incongruence
22. Maslow's hierar- - Self actualisation
chy of needs - Esteem
- Love and belonging
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
23. Social cognitive - Albert Bandura
theory - Focus on observational learning (direct reinforcement
cannot account for all human behaviour, behaviour
learned through observation)
- Beliefs about abilities have a profound effect on motiva-
tion, performance, resilience and wellbeing
- Self efficacy
