Intro to Brain and Behavior Exam 1 verified A+ study guide

Intro to Brain and Behavior Exam 1
h h h h h h




Descartesh-hDualismh-hBothhahnonhmaterialhmindhandhthehmaterialhbodyhcontributehtohbehavior

-hNonhmaterialhmindhdirectshra onalhbehavior

-hBodyhandhbrainhdirecthallhotherhbehaviorhviahmechanicalhandhphysicalhprinciple



Aristotleh-h-hBelievedhthehbrainhcooledhthehblood;hnohrolehinhproducinghbehavior

-hPsyche:hSynonymhforhmind:hanhen tyhoncehproposedhtohbehthehsourcehofhhumanhbehavior



Darwinh-hNaturalhselec on:hThehwayhexis nghspecieshchangehoverh me



Mendelh-h-hDiscoveredhgenes

-hDiscoveredhonehprinciplehunderlyinghvaria onhandhhowhtraitshpasshfromhparentshtohtheirhoffspring



Locked-inhsyndromeh-
hCondi onhinhwhichhahpa enthishawarehandhwakehbuthcannoth,movehorhcommunicatehverballyhbecausehofhc

ompletehparalysishofhnearlyhallhvoluntaryhmuscles



BiologicalhPsychologyh-
hBiologicalhexplana onshofhbehaviorhraisehissuehofhthehrela onshiphbetweenhmentalhac vityhandhbrainhals

ohknownhashtheh"mind-bodyhproblem"



WhathishthehBrain'shPrimaryhfunc on?h-hTohproducehbehavior



CanhthehCNShdohithjobhwithouththehPNS?h-
hNo,hhoweverhthehPNShcanhdohitshjobhwithouththehCNShforhahshorthperiodhofh me.




2hmainhtypeshofhcellhinhthehnervoushsystemh-h-hNeuronhandhGliahcells

-hTheyhcommunicatehwithhsensoryhreceptors,hmuscles,handhorgans

,Behaviorhconsisthofhpa ernshinh me.hWhatharehtwohtypeshofhbehaviorhproducedhbyhanimals?hWhathishtheh
difference?h-hInnateh-hBehaviorhthathishins nctualhorhishproducedhwithhli lehorhnohexperienceh

Learnedh-hBehaviorhthathishproducedha erhexperience,hdependshonhbrain'shplas city



Whathishanhexamplehofhinnatehorhinheritedhbehaviorhinhhumans?h-hSucking



Theh"mind-brainh(mind-body)hproblem"h-
hishdefinedhashtryinghtohdeterminehthehrela onshiphbetweenhtheh"mental"hmindhandhtheh"physical"hbrain




Whathishmentalism?h-hAnhexplana onhofhbehaviorhashahfunc onhofhthehnonhmaterialhmind



Whathishmaterialism?h-h-
h(Alsohcalledhmonism)hBehaviorhcanhbehexplainedhashfunc onhofhthehnervoushsystemhwithouthexplanatoryh

recoursehtohthehmind.

-hRelatedhtohevolu onaryhtheorieshofhAlfredhWallacehandhCharleshDarwin



Knowhthehdifferencehbetweenhdualismhandhmonism.h-
hDualismhbelieveshinhthehmindhandhbody,hwhereashmonismhonlyhbelieveshinhthehbody.




KnowhthehdifferencehbetweenhDNAhandhRNA.h-h-
hAhgenehishahpor onhofhahchromosomehandhishcomposedhofhDNA.h



-hDNAhserveshashahmodelhforhthehsynthesishofhRNA.

-
hRNAhishahsinglehstrandhchemicalhthathcanhservehashahtemplate/modelhforhthehsynthesishofhproteinsh(protei

nshdeterminehthehdevelopmenthofhthehbody)



Knowhthehdifferencehbetweenhchromosomeshandhgenes.h-h-
hGenesharehalignedhalonghchromosomesh(strandshofhgenes)handhcomehinhpairs.




Knowhthehdifferencehbetweenhheterozygoushandhhomozygous.h-hHomozygous

,hfor,hahgenehmeanshthathah

personhhashanhiden calhpairhofhgeneshonh

, thehtwohchromosomes

•

Heterozygous

,hforhahgene,hmeanshthathah

personhhashanhunmatchedhpairhofhgenesh

onhthehtwohchromosomes



Knowhthehdifferencehbetweenhdominanthandhrecessivehgenes.h-hAh

dominanthgeneh

showshahstrongheffecth

inheitherhthehhomozygoushorh

heterozygoushcondi on

•

Ah

recessivehgeneh

showshitsheffecthonlyh

inhthehhomozygoushcondi on



Sex-linkedhvs.hsex-limited:h-hAhsex-
linkedhgenehishonhahsexhchromosomeh(usuallyhthehXhchromosomehbecausehthehYhchromosomehishsohmuchh
shorter).hAhsex-
limitedhgenehcouldhbehonhanyhchromosomeh(chromosomeshthatharehnothsexhchromosomesharehautosomalh
chromosomes),hbuthithishac vatedhbyhsexhhormoneshandhthereforehshowshitsheffectshonlyhinhonehsexhorhthe
hother.




Understandhthehrolehofhnaturalhselec onhinhheritability.h-h-
hGeneshcanhmutatehoverh mehduehtohissueshthathleadhtohthehmicroduplica onhorhmicrodele onhofhparthofh

ahchromosome.hSomehofhthesehmuta onshmayhbehdetrimentalhorhtheyhmayhbeh"selectedhfor

-hEpigene c

-