MBG 2400 Exam Review with Complete
Solutions
3 factors affecting independence and F2 ratios - ANSWER-Pleiotropy, epistasis, linkage
Additive genetic component - ANSWER-A measure of the sum of effects of individual
alleles
"genes working together"
Analysis - ANSWER-ANOVA, maximum likelihood or mixed linear model
- ways to exploit properties of population structure
Anonymous marker panel approach - ANSWER-Develop a panel of markers
- multiple markers, scan a region, chromosome or genome
Artificial selection - ANSWER-- humans decide
- goal oriented for appearance, use, productivity, satisfaction, whimsy etc
Biddabile - ANSWER-Cooperative with people and easily taught and controlled,
obedient and follow instructions
Binary trait - ANSWER-yes/no
Calculating allele frequencies by counting - ANSWER-separate genotypes into how
many A and a alleles for each, add up for each and divide by total # alleles
OR
p = P + 0.5H
q = Q + 0.5H
and P + H + Q = 1
where P is freq of homo dominant, H is freq of hetero and Q is freq of homo recessive
Calpain gene - ANSWER-weakens muscle fibers during post mortem aging
Candidate gene approach - ANSWER-Select a gene for physiological or biochemical
reason, identify a polymorphism within the gene one at a time
- selective and targeted
CARAT Behaviour Trait Heritabilities - ANSWER-- persistence with dogs 0.16
- social interaction with people 0.47
- visual reactivity 0.18
- confidence around people 0.17
, - confidence around dogs 0.26
- whiner 0.06
Challenge of QTL detection - ANSWER-To increase the number of loci and reduce the
cost per genotype
cis-eQTL - ANSWER-eQTL close to the gene
CKC - ANSWER-Canadian kennel club
CKC groups for dog breeding - ANSWER-- terrier breeds
- sporting breeds
- herding breeds
- working breeds
- hound (sight and scent)
- toy
- non-sporting
Collecting information - ANSWER-Judging, measuring, racing
Conformation heritability - ANSWER-Final score 0.21, rump 0.23, feet & legs 0.12
Crosses of divergent lines - ANSWER-look for a multi-modal distribution
Do p and q change with random mating? - ANSWER-No
Domestication of dogs - ANSWER-selection for docility changed appearance
Dominance genetic component - ANSWER-A measure of the combined dominance
effects of individual loci
Epistasis - ANSWER-alleles at one locus affect the expression of alleles at a different
locus
eQTL - ANSWER-expression quantitative trait loci
eQTL hotspots - ANSWER-genomic regions with eQTL regulating more than 4 genes
Experimental design - ANSWER-- number of animals, number of loci, number of alleles
- population structure (families, crosses or random)
Genetic Trends in Dairy Traits - ANSWER-From 2001-2011:
Protein increased 2.7kg/yr
Conformation increase 0.8 points/yr
From 2006-2011:
Solutions
3 factors affecting independence and F2 ratios - ANSWER-Pleiotropy, epistasis, linkage
Additive genetic component - ANSWER-A measure of the sum of effects of individual
alleles
"genes working together"
Analysis - ANSWER-ANOVA, maximum likelihood or mixed linear model
- ways to exploit properties of population structure
Anonymous marker panel approach - ANSWER-Develop a panel of markers
- multiple markers, scan a region, chromosome or genome
Artificial selection - ANSWER-- humans decide
- goal oriented for appearance, use, productivity, satisfaction, whimsy etc
Biddabile - ANSWER-Cooperative with people and easily taught and controlled,
obedient and follow instructions
Binary trait - ANSWER-yes/no
Calculating allele frequencies by counting - ANSWER-separate genotypes into how
many A and a alleles for each, add up for each and divide by total # alleles
OR
p = P + 0.5H
q = Q + 0.5H
and P + H + Q = 1
where P is freq of homo dominant, H is freq of hetero and Q is freq of homo recessive
Calpain gene - ANSWER-weakens muscle fibers during post mortem aging
Candidate gene approach - ANSWER-Select a gene for physiological or biochemical
reason, identify a polymorphism within the gene one at a time
- selective and targeted
CARAT Behaviour Trait Heritabilities - ANSWER-- persistence with dogs 0.16
- social interaction with people 0.47
- visual reactivity 0.18
- confidence around people 0.17
, - confidence around dogs 0.26
- whiner 0.06
Challenge of QTL detection - ANSWER-To increase the number of loci and reduce the
cost per genotype
cis-eQTL - ANSWER-eQTL close to the gene
CKC - ANSWER-Canadian kennel club
CKC groups for dog breeding - ANSWER-- terrier breeds
- sporting breeds
- herding breeds
- working breeds
- hound (sight and scent)
- toy
- non-sporting
Collecting information - ANSWER-Judging, measuring, racing
Conformation heritability - ANSWER-Final score 0.21, rump 0.23, feet & legs 0.12
Crosses of divergent lines - ANSWER-look for a multi-modal distribution
Do p and q change with random mating? - ANSWER-No
Domestication of dogs - ANSWER-selection for docility changed appearance
Dominance genetic component - ANSWER-A measure of the combined dominance
effects of individual loci
Epistasis - ANSWER-alleles at one locus affect the expression of alleles at a different
locus
eQTL - ANSWER-expression quantitative trait loci
eQTL hotspots - ANSWER-genomic regions with eQTL regulating more than 4 genes
Experimental design - ANSWER-- number of animals, number of loci, number of alleles
- population structure (families, crosses or random)
Genetic Trends in Dairy Traits - ANSWER-From 2001-2011:
Protein increased 2.7kg/yr
Conformation increase 0.8 points/yr
From 2006-2011:
