BIO245 Exam 2
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1. What is typical about the prokaryotic It is smaller than the eukary-
cell? ote with no membrane-bound or-
ganelles
2. What is glycocalyx? Coating of polysaccharides
(sometimes combined with pro-
tein) layer outside of the cell
3. What are the two types of glycocalyx? slime layer and capsule
4. What is the slime layer? loose, water-soluble glycocalyx
5. What is the capsule layer? tight, thick, gummy-like structure
6. What does the clear/colorless area the capsule
around the purple rods of staining?
7. Where are encapsulated bacteria more the immune system
difficult for pathogenic cells to recog-
nize and destroy?
8. What strain can cause severe respira- Hemophiles influenza type b
tory infections, septicemia, epiglottitis,
and meningitis among children?
9. What is able to evade phagocytosis Streptococcus pneumoniae
and cause infections like pneumococcal
pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, and
meningitis due to its capsule?
10. What causes whooping cough? Bordetella pertussis
11. What is biofilm? microbial colonies encased in
an adhesive, usually polysac-
charide material, and attaches
to a surface
12. Tooth plaque (streptococcus mutans) converts sucrose to glucose and
formation: fructose, to dextran (polysac-
, BIO245 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fprrs5
charide glycocalyx), to dental
plaque
13. What is the fundamental unit of the cell peptidoglycan
wall?
14. What isa carbohydrate polymer? a polysaccharide
15. What is peptidoglycan composed of? peptides and carbs
16. What 2 monomers are in peptidoglycan? N-acetylglucoasamine (NAG or
G)
N-acetykmuramic acid (NAM or
M)
17. What has more NAG and NAM? Gram+ Gram+
or Gram-
18. What links gram-negative bacteria to directly cross-linked to tetrapep-
NAM? tide
19. What links gram-positive bacteria to pentaglycine cross-bridges
NAM?
20. What are the cross-links in peptidogly- Amino acids
can made of?
21. Who discovered lysozyme and peni- Alexander Fleming
cilin?
22. Where is lysozyme found? Tears, saliva, nasal and sinus
fluids
23. What breaks down the bond between lysozyme
NAM and NAG monomers?
24. What is lysozyme classified as? antibacterial
25. In a dilute hypotonic solution, what en- Water
ters the cell?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fprrs5
1. What is typical about the prokaryotic It is smaller than the eukary-
cell? ote with no membrane-bound or-
ganelles
2. What is glycocalyx? Coating of polysaccharides
(sometimes combined with pro-
tein) layer outside of the cell
3. What are the two types of glycocalyx? slime layer and capsule
4. What is the slime layer? loose, water-soluble glycocalyx
5. What is the capsule layer? tight, thick, gummy-like structure
6. What does the clear/colorless area the capsule
around the purple rods of staining?
7. Where are encapsulated bacteria more the immune system
difficult for pathogenic cells to recog-
nize and destroy?
8. What strain can cause severe respira- Hemophiles influenza type b
tory infections, septicemia, epiglottitis,
and meningitis among children?
9. What is able to evade phagocytosis Streptococcus pneumoniae
and cause infections like pneumococcal
pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, and
meningitis due to its capsule?
10. What causes whooping cough? Bordetella pertussis
11. What is biofilm? microbial colonies encased in
an adhesive, usually polysac-
charide material, and attaches
to a surface
12. Tooth plaque (streptococcus mutans) converts sucrose to glucose and
formation: fructose, to dextran (polysac-
, BIO245 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fprrs5
charide glycocalyx), to dental
plaque
13. What is the fundamental unit of the cell peptidoglycan
wall?
14. What isa carbohydrate polymer? a polysaccharide
15. What is peptidoglycan composed of? peptides and carbs
16. What 2 monomers are in peptidoglycan? N-acetylglucoasamine (NAG or
G)
N-acetykmuramic acid (NAM or
M)
17. What has more NAG and NAM? Gram+ Gram+
or Gram-
18. What links gram-negative bacteria to directly cross-linked to tetrapep-
NAM? tide
19. What links gram-positive bacteria to pentaglycine cross-bridges
NAM?
20. What are the cross-links in peptidogly- Amino acids
can made of?
21. Who discovered lysozyme and peni- Alexander Fleming
cilin?
22. Where is lysozyme found? Tears, saliva, nasal and sinus
fluids
23. What breaks down the bond between lysozyme
NAM and NAG monomers?
24. What is lysozyme classified as? antibacterial
25. In a dilute hypotonic solution, what en- Water
ters the cell?
