©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
COGS 100 Prep for Final Exam Study
Guide.
Cognitive Science - Answers✔The scientific interdisciplinary study of the mind.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Answers✔A hypothetical machine with human-like intelligence applicable to a
broad variety of situations.
Concept - Answers✔A representation standing for a single entity or entities.
Proposition - Answers✔A statement posed in the form of a single sentence.
Analogy - Answers✔Mental representation used to compare known information with new information
to which it is similar.
Symbol - Answers✔Mental representation that stands for something else.
Synthax - Answers✔A set of rules that govern any symbol system.
Dynamical Perspective - Answers✔The mind is constantly changing as it adapts to new information.
Magnetic resonance imaging - Answers✔A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to
produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to
see structures within the brain.
Hierarchical paradigms - Answers✔Top-down perspective , according to which a robot is programmed
with knowledge about the world. The robot then uses this model to guide it's actions.
Idealism - Answers✔Only metal entities are real, the universe is non-physical.
Classical Dualism - Answers✔The belief that both mental and physical realms are possible where the
mind controls the body
Hypothesis - Answers✔A statement derived from a theory that concerns potential outcomes in an
experiment.
Property dualism - Answers✔The view that the mind and the body are made from the same stuff but
have different properties.
Physicalism - Answers✔Also known as materialism; the belief that the universe is entirely physical
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Emergent properties are : - Answers✔New properties that appear as a result of the interaction of parts.
Functionalism - Answers✔An approach that explores the mind based on its activities and what it does,
rather than its components.
Classical conditioning - Answers✔A learning of involuntary reflexive behaviors that occurs when two
stimuli are repeatedly paired until a response is triggered when it wasn't before.
Case study method - Answers✔When neuroscientists study the effects of accidental brain injury on
cognition in humans.
Phonology - Answers✔The rules governing sounds in a language
In linguistics, a critical period is - Answers✔The time during development when language is typically and
most easily acquired.
Comparative cognition - Answers✔The study of similarities and differences in cognition between
different animal species.
Gambler's fallacy - Answers✔Belief that one event will affect the outcome of a future event, when in
reality the two events are independent. People commit the gambler's fallacy when they believe that the
repeated occurrence of one thing must necessarily cause the repeated occurrence of something else.
Knowledge acquisition - Answers✔
Expert system - Answers✔A system that encodes the decision making process of a professional, such as
a doctor making medical diagnoses, in the form of rules.
A script is: - Answers✔A procedural representation of a concept, listing the typical sequential
occurrences in order.
In formal logic, the ˄ symbol means - Answers✔The statement A ∧ B is true if A and B are both true.
In formal logic, the ∨ symbol means - Answers✔The statement A ∨ B is true if A or B (or both) are true.
An AI agent that models its processes as a set of states with transition rules between them is called: -
Answers✔A finite state machine.
Implicit or procedural memory holds what kind of memory? - Answers✔Demonstrated by actions and
occurs WITHOUT conscious recall. e.g. Knowledge of skills such as riding a bicycle.
Explicit or declarative memory holds what kind of memory? - Answers✔Demonstrated by saying, and
occurs WITH conscious recall. e.g. Remembering facts & events.
Critical period - Answers✔A period of development during which linguistic experience is crucial for
future language use. If a child is not exposed to language during this time he may never acquire it or
may suffer severe language impairment.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
COGS 100 Prep for Final Exam Study
Guide.
Cognitive Science - Answers✔The scientific interdisciplinary study of the mind.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Answers✔A hypothetical machine with human-like intelligence applicable to a
broad variety of situations.
Concept - Answers✔A representation standing for a single entity or entities.
Proposition - Answers✔A statement posed in the form of a single sentence.
Analogy - Answers✔Mental representation used to compare known information with new information
to which it is similar.
Symbol - Answers✔Mental representation that stands for something else.
Synthax - Answers✔A set of rules that govern any symbol system.
Dynamical Perspective - Answers✔The mind is constantly changing as it adapts to new information.
Magnetic resonance imaging - Answers✔A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to
produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to
see structures within the brain.
Hierarchical paradigms - Answers✔Top-down perspective , according to which a robot is programmed
with knowledge about the world. The robot then uses this model to guide it's actions.
Idealism - Answers✔Only metal entities are real, the universe is non-physical.
Classical Dualism - Answers✔The belief that both mental and physical realms are possible where the
mind controls the body
Hypothesis - Answers✔A statement derived from a theory that concerns potential outcomes in an
experiment.
Property dualism - Answers✔The view that the mind and the body are made from the same stuff but
have different properties.
Physicalism - Answers✔Also known as materialism; the belief that the universe is entirely physical
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Emergent properties are : - Answers✔New properties that appear as a result of the interaction of parts.
Functionalism - Answers✔An approach that explores the mind based on its activities and what it does,
rather than its components.
Classical conditioning - Answers✔A learning of involuntary reflexive behaviors that occurs when two
stimuli are repeatedly paired until a response is triggered when it wasn't before.
Case study method - Answers✔When neuroscientists study the effects of accidental brain injury on
cognition in humans.
Phonology - Answers✔The rules governing sounds in a language
In linguistics, a critical period is - Answers✔The time during development when language is typically and
most easily acquired.
Comparative cognition - Answers✔The study of similarities and differences in cognition between
different animal species.
Gambler's fallacy - Answers✔Belief that one event will affect the outcome of a future event, when in
reality the two events are independent. People commit the gambler's fallacy when they believe that the
repeated occurrence of one thing must necessarily cause the repeated occurrence of something else.
Knowledge acquisition - Answers✔
Expert system - Answers✔A system that encodes the decision making process of a professional, such as
a doctor making medical diagnoses, in the form of rules.
A script is: - Answers✔A procedural representation of a concept, listing the typical sequential
occurrences in order.
In formal logic, the ˄ symbol means - Answers✔The statement A ∧ B is true if A and B are both true.
In formal logic, the ∨ symbol means - Answers✔The statement A ∨ B is true if A or B (or both) are true.
An AI agent that models its processes as a set of states with transition rules between them is called: -
Answers✔A finite state machine.
Implicit or procedural memory holds what kind of memory? - Answers✔Demonstrated by actions and
occurs WITHOUT conscious recall. e.g. Knowledge of skills such as riding a bicycle.
Explicit or declarative memory holds what kind of memory? - Answers✔Demonstrated by saying, and
occurs WITH conscious recall. e.g. Remembering facts & events.
Critical period - Answers✔A period of development during which linguistic experience is crucial for
future language use. If a child is not exposed to language during this time he may never acquire it or
may suffer severe language impairment.
