APEX MOCK EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
Which option initiates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction? - ANSWER alveolar hypoxia
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as PAP of at least? - ANSWER 25mmHg and a PAOP of no more than
15mmHg
When properly placed the distal tip of the LMA sits at the? - ANSWER cricopharyngeus muscle (upper
esophageal sphincter)
When properly placed, the ProSeal LMA allows a positive ventilation pressure of? - ANSWER 30cm H2O
In which circumstances is supplemental oxygen LEAST likely to increase arterial oxygenation? - ANSWER
Pulmonary edema
What are (2) examples of instrinsic restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER Pulmonary edema
Aspiration pneumonia
Acute Intrinsic= caused by fluid moving into the interstitial space of the pulmonary parenchyma.
A patient received a citrated non-particulate antacid, but the case has been delayed. How long after the
initial dose should a second dose be considered? - ANSWER 60minutes
Match the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle with its action on layrngeal movement?
a)Aryepiglottic
b)cricothyroid
c)posterior cricoarytenoid 心脏不仅是一个生理器
d)thyroarytenoid - ANSWER a)Aryepiglottic - closes glottic opening
b)cricothyroid - lengthens vocal cords
c)posterior cricoarytenoid - abducts vocal cords
d)thyroarytenoid - adducts vocal cords
,Calculate expected PAO2 when the PaCO2= 80mmHg, FiO2= 28%, and A-a gradient is 35 - ANSWER PAO2
= (FiO2 x (Pb - PH20) - (PaCO2/RQ)
0.28 x(760-47) - (80/0.8)
200-100 = 100mmHg
100mmHg - 35(A-a gradient) = 65mmHg
Which (3) axes must be aligned to ensure the best chance for successful laryngoscopy and intubation? -
ANSWER Oral (OA)
Pharyngeal (PA)
Laryngeal (LA)
In a male patient, what is the next step after the tip of the double lumen ETT passes through the vocal
cords? - ANSWER Rotate the DLT 90 degrees in the direction of the bronchus to be intubated
When used during laparoscopic procedure, an LMA: - ANSWER can be used if the procedure is less than
15minutes
Muscarinic-2 stimulation causes - ANSWER Bradycardia
M2 receptor slows cardiac conduction
Dexmedetomidine (2 reactions) - ANSWER Can cause HTN(central A2 stimulation causes vasodilation,
sedation, and analgesia. Peripheral stimulation initiates vasoconstriction)
reduces adenylate cyclase(stimulation of G protein inhibits adenylate cyclase and reduces cAMP)
心脏不仅是一个生理器
Systolic murmur heard over 5th intercostal space and MCL. What type of valvular disease would one
expect? - ANSWER Mitral regurgitation
Identify the vessel that will have reverse blood flow as a result of left subclavian steal syndrome? -
ANSWER
, Choose the BEST (2) NMB for the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER Vecuronium and
Rocuronium
(NOT pancuronium it increases HR, not atracurium in releases histamine)
Match each cardiac pathophysiology with its characteristic pulse waveform?
a) Aortic Stenosis -
b) Aortic Regurgitation -
c) Cardiac Tamponade -
d) Systolic left ventricular failure - - ANSWER a) Aortic Stenosis - Pulsus parvus
b) Aortic Regurgitation - Bisferiens pulse
c) Cardiac Tamponade - Pulsus paradoxus
d) Systolic left ventricular failure - Pulsus alternans
Match the vasodilator with its primary site of action
a) Nitroglycerin:
b) Prazosin:
c) Nitroprusside: - ANSWER a) Nitroglycerin: venules
b) Prazosin: arterioles
c) Nitroprusside: arterioles & venules
What (2) increase after placement of an infra-renal aortic cross clamp? - ANSWER Mixed venous oxygen
saturation
Preload
心脏不仅是一个生理器
Inhaled agents chemical structures
a)Halothane
b)Isoflurane
c)Desflurane
Which option initiates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction? - ANSWER alveolar hypoxia
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as PAP of at least? - ANSWER 25mmHg and a PAOP of no more than
15mmHg
When properly placed the distal tip of the LMA sits at the? - ANSWER cricopharyngeus muscle (upper
esophageal sphincter)
When properly placed, the ProSeal LMA allows a positive ventilation pressure of? - ANSWER 30cm H2O
In which circumstances is supplemental oxygen LEAST likely to increase arterial oxygenation? - ANSWER
Pulmonary edema
What are (2) examples of instrinsic restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER Pulmonary edema
Aspiration pneumonia
Acute Intrinsic= caused by fluid moving into the interstitial space of the pulmonary parenchyma.
A patient received a citrated non-particulate antacid, but the case has been delayed. How long after the
initial dose should a second dose be considered? - ANSWER 60minutes
Match the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle with its action on layrngeal movement?
a)Aryepiglottic
b)cricothyroid
c)posterior cricoarytenoid 心脏不仅是一个生理器
d)thyroarytenoid - ANSWER a)Aryepiglottic - closes glottic opening
b)cricothyroid - lengthens vocal cords
c)posterior cricoarytenoid - abducts vocal cords
d)thyroarytenoid - adducts vocal cords
,Calculate expected PAO2 when the PaCO2= 80mmHg, FiO2= 28%, and A-a gradient is 35 - ANSWER PAO2
= (FiO2 x (Pb - PH20) - (PaCO2/RQ)
0.28 x(760-47) - (80/0.8)
200-100 = 100mmHg
100mmHg - 35(A-a gradient) = 65mmHg
Which (3) axes must be aligned to ensure the best chance for successful laryngoscopy and intubation? -
ANSWER Oral (OA)
Pharyngeal (PA)
Laryngeal (LA)
In a male patient, what is the next step after the tip of the double lumen ETT passes through the vocal
cords? - ANSWER Rotate the DLT 90 degrees in the direction of the bronchus to be intubated
When used during laparoscopic procedure, an LMA: - ANSWER can be used if the procedure is less than
15minutes
Muscarinic-2 stimulation causes - ANSWER Bradycardia
M2 receptor slows cardiac conduction
Dexmedetomidine (2 reactions) - ANSWER Can cause HTN(central A2 stimulation causes vasodilation,
sedation, and analgesia. Peripheral stimulation initiates vasoconstriction)
reduces adenylate cyclase(stimulation of G protein inhibits adenylate cyclase and reduces cAMP)
心脏不仅是一个生理器
Systolic murmur heard over 5th intercostal space and MCL. What type of valvular disease would one
expect? - ANSWER Mitral regurgitation
Identify the vessel that will have reverse blood flow as a result of left subclavian steal syndrome? -
ANSWER
, Choose the BEST (2) NMB for the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER Vecuronium and
Rocuronium
(NOT pancuronium it increases HR, not atracurium in releases histamine)
Match each cardiac pathophysiology with its characteristic pulse waveform?
a) Aortic Stenosis -
b) Aortic Regurgitation -
c) Cardiac Tamponade -
d) Systolic left ventricular failure - - ANSWER a) Aortic Stenosis - Pulsus parvus
b) Aortic Regurgitation - Bisferiens pulse
c) Cardiac Tamponade - Pulsus paradoxus
d) Systolic left ventricular failure - Pulsus alternans
Match the vasodilator with its primary site of action
a) Nitroglycerin:
b) Prazosin:
c) Nitroprusside: - ANSWER a) Nitroglycerin: venules
b) Prazosin: arterioles
c) Nitroprusside: arterioles & venules
What (2) increase after placement of an infra-renal aortic cross clamp? - ANSWER Mixed venous oxygen
saturation
Preload
心脏不仅是一个生理器
Inhaled agents chemical structures
a)Halothane
b)Isoflurane
c)Desflurane
