APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
1. What Is Apolo- • Apologetics: the reasoned defense of the Christian faith.
getics?
2. What is Chris- • It is an entire worldview (or "world-and-life view").
tianity?
3. What three as- (1) Proof - Offering reasons to believe that the Christian
pects make up worldview is true or reasonable.
an apologetic? (2) Defense - Countering reasons to believe that Christian
worldview is false or unreasonable.
(3) Offense - Offering reasons to believe that non-Christ-
ian worldviews are false or unreasonable.
4. Why Do Apolo- (1) to glorify God
getics? (2) to silence unbelievers
(3) to evangelize unbelievers
(4) to edify the church and the believer
(5) to protect the church and the believer
• Analogy: curative medicine versus preventative medi-
cine
(6) to promote theological insight
(7) to develop critical thinking skills
5. What Apologet- ...making an apology (in the popular sense).
ics Is Not ...an excuse for being argumentative.
...a form of intellectual bullying.
...a substitute for evangelism.
6. What is the bib- • 2 Exhortations and 2 Examples
lical mandate for 2 Exhortations
apologetics? (1) Peter's exhortation:
"...but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always
being prepared to make a defense (apologia) to anyone
who asks you for a reason (logos) for the hope that is in
you; yet do it with gentleness and respect..." (1 Pet. 3:15)
(2) Jude's exhortation:
"Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about
our common salvation, I found it necessary to write ap-
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
pealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for
all delivered to the saints." (Jude 3)
2 Examples
(1) John's Example:
"Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the
disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are
written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ,
the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life
in his name." (John 20:30-31)
(2) Paul's Example
"And Paul went in, as was his custom, and on three Sab-
bath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures..."
(Acts 17:2) Many examples in Acts
7. What is a "world- • It is their network of ultimate beliefs, assumptions, val-
view"? ues, and ideas that functions as a framework for interpret-
ing their immediate experiences and for interacting with
the world.
8. What it TAKES to • Theology: presuppositions about God (and about ulti-
make a world- mate reality).
view? • Anthropology: presuppositions about humans (origins,
nature, purpose, etc.).
• Knowledge: presuppositions about knowledge and truth
(whether, what, how, etc.).
• Ethics: presuppositions about goodness and morality
(source, nature, goal, etc.).
• Salvation: presuppositions about the basic human prob-
lem and its solution.
9. What constitutes • There is a God!
the Christian • God created the world (everything other than God) and
worldview? The- is not dependent on the world.
ology: • Creation is a finite reflection of its Creator: rational,
moral, purposeful, orderly, one/many.
• God is a Trinity: one God in three distinct Persons
• God is a perfect being: he possesses all perfections and
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
no limitations
• God is a (or rather the) Personal Absolute
10. What constitutes • Created humanity: we were created by God in his image
the Christian • Fallen humanity: we are fallen in sin and separated from
worldview? An- God
thropolgy: • Sin affects every aspect of our being: will, intellect,
emotions, etc.
• Redeemed humanity: we can be restored in the image
of God through Christ
11. What consti- • All human knowledge is grounded in divine revelation.
tutes the Chris- • Humans can (and do) have knowledge of God through:
tian worldview? - Nature
Knowledge: - Scripture
• Humans can (and do) have knowledge of the world
through:
- Nature —both logical reasoning and sense experience
- Scripture
• A person's knowledge and understanding depends cru-
cially on their spiritual state.
- Unregenerate unbelievers...
• ...suffer from the noetic (i.e., intellectual) effects of sin.
• ...suppress their natural knowledge of God in their un-
righteousness
• ...yet still have no excuse for their unbelief
• ...will not and cannot submit to God's Word
• ...are liable to the "futility of unbelief"
• ...are kept by common grace from the full consequences
of their sin and unbelief.
- Regenerate believers...
• ...are healed (at least partially) from the noetic effects of
sin
• ...have a saving knowledge of God
• ...readily submit to God's Word
• ...should think in a distinctively Christian way
12.
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
What consti- • Morality is real, objective, and universal.
tutes the Chris- • Morality is grounded in the divine character and will.
tian worldview? • Moral accountability is grounded in divine judgment.
Ethics: • Moral truths can be known through both natural revela-
tion and special revelation.
• Morality has deontological, teleological, and existential
aspects.
- Deontological: laws/duties are relevant to ethical evalu-
ation (e.g., Rom. 13:7-9).
- Teleological: consequences are relevant to ethical eval-
uation (e.g., Rom. 14:20-21).
- Existential: motivation ("the heart") is relevant to ethical
evaluation (e.g., Matt. 15:18-20).
13. What constitutes • The basic problem: human sin that invites divine wrath
the Christian and judgment.
worldview? Sal- • The only solution: divine salvation through the cross of
vation: Christ.
• God's part in salvation: incarnation and atonement.
- Redemption is appointed by God the Father.
- Redemption is accomplished by God the Son.
- Redemption is applied by God the Holy Spirit.
Our part in salvation: faith and repentance—not meritori-
ous works!
14. Classical Apolo- • Faith based on Reason
getics: What is
their basic mot-
to?
15. What is the ba- • A two-stage approach to demonstrating that Christianity
sic approach for is true:
a Classical Apol- - Stage 1: Show that God exists using traditional theistic
ogist? arguments.
• Ontological argument: the non-existence of God is not
consistently conceivable.
• Cosmological argument: the contingent universe re-
quired a necessary first cause.
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
1. What Is Apolo- • Apologetics: the reasoned defense of the Christian faith.
getics?
2. What is Chris- • It is an entire worldview (or "world-and-life view").
tianity?
3. What three as- (1) Proof - Offering reasons to believe that the Christian
pects make up worldview is true or reasonable.
an apologetic? (2) Defense - Countering reasons to believe that Christian
worldview is false or unreasonable.
(3) Offense - Offering reasons to believe that non-Christ-
ian worldviews are false or unreasonable.
4. Why Do Apolo- (1) to glorify God
getics? (2) to silence unbelievers
(3) to evangelize unbelievers
(4) to edify the church and the believer
(5) to protect the church and the believer
• Analogy: curative medicine versus preventative medi-
cine
(6) to promote theological insight
(7) to develop critical thinking skills
5. What Apologet- ...making an apology (in the popular sense).
ics Is Not ...an excuse for being argumentative.
...a form of intellectual bullying.
...a substitute for evangelism.
6. What is the bib- • 2 Exhortations and 2 Examples
lical mandate for 2 Exhortations
apologetics? (1) Peter's exhortation:
"...but in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always
being prepared to make a defense (apologia) to anyone
who asks you for a reason (logos) for the hope that is in
you; yet do it with gentleness and respect..." (1 Pet. 3:15)
(2) Jude's exhortation:
"Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about
our common salvation, I found it necessary to write ap-
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
pealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for
all delivered to the saints." (Jude 3)
2 Examples
(1) John's Example:
"Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the
disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are
written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ,
the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life
in his name." (John 20:30-31)
(2) Paul's Example
"And Paul went in, as was his custom, and on three Sab-
bath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures..."
(Acts 17:2) Many examples in Acts
7. What is a "world- • It is their network of ultimate beliefs, assumptions, val-
view"? ues, and ideas that functions as a framework for interpret-
ing their immediate experiences and for interacting with
the world.
8. What it TAKES to • Theology: presuppositions about God (and about ulti-
make a world- mate reality).
view? • Anthropology: presuppositions about humans (origins,
nature, purpose, etc.).
• Knowledge: presuppositions about knowledge and truth
(whether, what, how, etc.).
• Ethics: presuppositions about goodness and morality
(source, nature, goal, etc.).
• Salvation: presuppositions about the basic human prob-
lem and its solution.
9. What constitutes • There is a God!
the Christian • God created the world (everything other than God) and
worldview? The- is not dependent on the world.
ology: • Creation is a finite reflection of its Creator: rational,
moral, purposeful, orderly, one/many.
• God is a Trinity: one God in three distinct Persons
• God is a perfect being: he possesses all perfections and
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
no limitations
• God is a (or rather the) Personal Absolute
10. What constitutes • Created humanity: we were created by God in his image
the Christian • Fallen humanity: we are fallen in sin and separated from
worldview? An- God
thropolgy: • Sin affects every aspect of our being: will, intellect,
emotions, etc.
• Redeemed humanity: we can be restored in the image
of God through Christ
11. What consti- • All human knowledge is grounded in divine revelation.
tutes the Chris- • Humans can (and do) have knowledge of God through:
tian worldview? - Nature
Knowledge: - Scripture
• Humans can (and do) have knowledge of the world
through:
- Nature —both logical reasoning and sense experience
- Scripture
• A person's knowledge and understanding depends cru-
cially on their spiritual state.
- Unregenerate unbelievers...
• ...suffer from the noetic (i.e., intellectual) effects of sin.
• ...suppress their natural knowledge of God in their un-
righteousness
• ...yet still have no excuse for their unbelief
• ...will not and cannot submit to God's Word
• ...are liable to the "futility of unbelief"
• ...are kept by common grace from the full consequences
of their sin and unbelief.
- Regenerate believers...
• ...are healed (at least partially) from the noetic effects of
sin
• ...have a saving knowledge of God
• ...readily submit to God's Word
• ...should think in a distinctively Christian way
12.
, APOLOGETICS FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
EXAM ALL 138 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WIT
RATIONALES
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fwbmve
What consti- • Morality is real, objective, and universal.
tutes the Chris- • Morality is grounded in the divine character and will.
tian worldview? • Moral accountability is grounded in divine judgment.
Ethics: • Moral truths can be known through both natural revela-
tion and special revelation.
• Morality has deontological, teleological, and existential
aspects.
- Deontological: laws/duties are relevant to ethical evalu-
ation (e.g., Rom. 13:7-9).
- Teleological: consequences are relevant to ethical eval-
uation (e.g., Rom. 14:20-21).
- Existential: motivation ("the heart") is relevant to ethical
evaluation (e.g., Matt. 15:18-20).
13. What constitutes • The basic problem: human sin that invites divine wrath
the Christian and judgment.
worldview? Sal- • The only solution: divine salvation through the cross of
vation: Christ.
• God's part in salvation: incarnation and atonement.
- Redemption is appointed by God the Father.
- Redemption is accomplished by God the Son.
- Redemption is applied by God the Holy Spirit.
Our part in salvation: faith and repentance—not meritori-
ous works!
14. Classical Apolo- • Faith based on Reason
getics: What is
their basic mot-
to?
15. What is the ba- • A two-stage approach to demonstrating that Christianity
sic approach for is true:
a Classical Apol- - Stage 1: Show that God exists using traditional theistic
ogist? arguments.
• Ontological argument: the non-existence of God is not
consistently conceivable.
• Cosmological argument: the contingent universe re-
quired a necessary first cause.
