Biochemistry
Protein Synthesis And Protein Function
Compiled By Simon Mwangi
Edition: 2024/25
, Science | Biochemistry I of VII pages
1. what do ribosomes contain?
multimeric structure constituting of >50 proteins and one copy of each of 4 rRNAs (18S, 5.8S, 28S, 5S)
2. ribosomes are assembled in the
nucleus within the nucleolus
3. unlike other organelles, the nucleolus is not a
membrane bound structure
4. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) serve as
guide
RNAs to direct specific modifications of the rRNAs
5. these modifications include (2)
about 100 methylations of the 2-OH position on the nucleotide ribose sugar and 100 isomerizations of uridine
6. Free ribosomes
move anywhere in the cytosol, but not found in the nucleus and other organelles
7. membrane bound ribosomes
if the protein being made contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) targeting sequence, then the ribosome is
with the rough ER. These types of proteins are transported to their destination through a secretory pathway
8. mRNA is read by the ribosomal machine as a
triplet of sequential nucleotides (called a codon)
9. Translation starts at the end of the mRNA
5
10. tRNAs are charged by the addition of
a specific amino acid that corresponds to that codon
11. his aminoacyl-tRNA is
created by the action of enzymes called
aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases
12. Protein translation uses base pairing between the mRNA codon and a triplet complementary sequence in
anticodon
13. steps of translation (4)
activationinitiationelongationtermination
14. activation
formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs
15. initiation
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
Protein Synthesis And Protein Function
Compiled By Simon Mwangi
Edition: 2024/25
, Science | Biochemistry I of VII pages
1. what do ribosomes contain?
multimeric structure constituting of >50 proteins and one copy of each of 4 rRNAs (18S, 5.8S, 28S, 5S)
2. ribosomes are assembled in the
nucleus within the nucleolus
3. unlike other organelles, the nucleolus is not a
membrane bound structure
4. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) serve as
guide
RNAs to direct specific modifications of the rRNAs
5. these modifications include (2)
about 100 methylations of the 2-OH position on the nucleotide ribose sugar and 100 isomerizations of uridine
6. Free ribosomes
move anywhere in the cytosol, but not found in the nucleus and other organelles
7. membrane bound ribosomes
if the protein being made contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) targeting sequence, then the ribosome is
with the rough ER. These types of proteins are transported to their destination through a secretory pathway
8. mRNA is read by the ribosomal machine as a
triplet of sequential nucleotides (called a codon)
9. Translation starts at the end of the mRNA
5
10. tRNAs are charged by the addition of
a specific amino acid that corresponds to that codon
11. his aminoacyl-tRNA is
created by the action of enzymes called
aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases
12. Protein translation uses base pairing between the mRNA codon and a triplet complementary sequence in
anticodon
13. steps of translation (4)
activationinitiationelongationtermination
14. activation
formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs
15. initiation
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
