TEST BANK
c
A Concise Introduction to Logic
c c c c
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
c c c c c c c
TESTBANK
c
,TABLEOFCONTENTS c c
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
c c c
1. BasicConcepts. c
Arguments,cPremises,candcConclusions.cExercise.cRecognizingcArguments.cExercise.cDeductioncandcInduction.cExercise.cValidity,cTruth,cSoundness,cSt
gth,cCogency.cExercise.cArgumentcForms:cProvingcInvalidity.cExercise.cExtendedcArguments.cExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition. c c c
VarietiescofcMeaning.cExercise.cThecIntensioncandcExtensioncofcTerms.cExercise.cDefinitionscandcTheircPurposes.cExercise.cDefinitionalcTechniques.cEx
cise.cCriteriacforcLexicalcDefinitions.cExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies. c
FallaciescincGeneral.cExercise.cFallaciescofcRelevance.cExercise.cFallaciesoofcWeakcInduction.cExercise.cFallaciescofcPresumption,cAmbiguity,candcIll
Transference.cExercise.cFallaciescincOrdinarycLanguage.cExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
c c c
4. Categorical Propositions. c
ThecComponentscofcCategoricalcPropositions.cExercise.cQuality,oQuantity,candcDistribution.cExercise.cVenncDiagramscandcthecModerncSquarecofcO
osition.cExercise.cConversion,cObversion,oandcContraposition.cExercise.cThecTraditionalcSquarecofcOpposition.cExercise.cVenncDiagramscancdcthecTr
itionalcStandpoint.cExercise.cTranslatingcOrdinarycLanguagecStatementscintocCategoricalcForm.cExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms. c
StandardcForm,cMood,candcFigure.cExercise.cVenncDiagrams.cExercise.cRulescandcFallacies.cExercise.cReducingcthecNumbercofcTerms.cExercise.cOcrd
rycLanguagecArguments.cExercise.cEnthymemes.cExercise.cSorites.cExercise.
6. Propositional Logic. c
SymbolscandcTranslation.cExercise.cTruthcFunctions.cExercise.cTruthcTablescforcPropositions.cExercise.cTruthcTablescforcArguments.cExercise.cIndirectcTr
Tables.cExercise.cArgumentcFormscandcFallacies.cExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
c c c c
RulescofcImplicationcI.cExercise.cRulesoofcImplicationcII.cExercise.cRulescofcReplacementcI.cExercise.cRulescofcReplacementoII.cExercise.cConditionalcPcro
Exercise.cIndirectcProof.cExercise.cProvingcLogicalcTruths.cExercise.
8. Predicate Logic. c
SymbolscandcTranslation.cExercise.cUsingcthecRulescofcInference.cExercise.cQuantifiercNegationcRule.cExercise.cConditionalcandcIndirectcProof.cExcer
e.cProvingcInvalidity.cExercise.cRelationalcPredicatescandcOverlappingcQuantifiers.cExercise.cIdentity.cExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
c c c
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
c c c c c
AnalogicalcReasoning.cLegalcReasoning.cMoralcReasoning.cExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods. c c c
,"Cause"candcNecessarycandcSufficientcConditions.cMill'scFivecMethods.cMill'scMethodsoandcScience.cExercise.
11. Probability.
TheoriescofcProbability.cThecProbabilitycCalculus.cExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
c
EvaluatingcStatistics.cSamples.cThecMeaningcofc"Average."cDispersion.cGraphscandcPictograms.cPercentages.cExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
c
ThecHypotheticalcMethod.cHypotheticalcReasoning:cFourcExamplescfromcScience.cThecProofcofcHypotheses.cThecTentativecAcceptancecofcHypothces
Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
c c
DistinguishingcBetweencSciencecandcSuperstition.cEvidentiarycSupport.cObjectivity.cIntegrity.cAbusingcScience.cExercise.cAnswer
sctocSelectedcExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
c c c
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:cThecfollowingcselectionscrelatectocdistinguishingcargumentscfromcnonargumentscandci
dentifyingcconclusions.cSelectcthecbestcanswercforceach.
1. Therecappearsctocbecacgrowingchappinesscgapcbetweencmencandcwomen.cWomenctodaycarecworkingcmor
ecandcrelaxingcless,cwhilecmencarecworkingclesscandcrelaxingcmore.cFortycyearscagocactypicalcwomancsp
entc40cminutescmorecpercweekcthancthectypicalcmancperformingcancactivitycconsideredcunpleasant.cToda
y,cwithcmencworkingcless,cthecgapcisc90cminutescandcgrowing.
a. Argument;cconclusion:cTodayc...cthecgapcisc90cminutescandcgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;cconclusion:cFortycyearscagoc...cancactivitycconsideredcunpleasant.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cTherecappearsctocbec...cbetweencmencandcwomen.
e. Argument;cconclusion:cWomenctodaycarecworkingcmorecandcrelaxingcless.
ANS:c D PTS:c 2
2. Leadcisctoxic,cbutcdocyoucknowcwhy?cLeadcisctoxiccmainlycbecausecitcpreferentiallycreplacescothercmetalsc
incbiochemicalcreactions.cIncsocdoingcitointerferescwithcthecproteinscthatoregulatecbloodcpressurec(whichccanc
causecdevelopmentcdelayscincchildrencandchighcbloodcpressurecincadults),chemecproductionc(whichccanclea
dctocanemia),candcspermcproduction.cLeadcalsocdisplacesccalciumcincthecreactionscthatctransmitoelectricalc
impulsescincthecbrain,owhichcdiminishescthecabilityctocthinkcandcrecallcinformation.
AnnecMariecHelmstine,c"YourcGuidectocChemistry"
a. Argument;cconclusion:cItointerferescwithcthecproteinsc...candcspermcproduction.
b. Argument;cconclusion:cLeadcisctoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cItopreferentiallycreplacescothercmetalscincbiochemicalcreactions.
e. Argument;cconclusion:cLeadcalsocdisplacesccalciumc...crecallcinformation.
ANS:c C PTS:c 2
3. Aristotlecfocusedconcclarifyingcthecconceptcofcvirtuecitself.cHecarguedcthatcitcwascvirtuousctocchoosecthecpro
percamountcofcemotioncand/orcactionccalledcforcincacparticularcsituationcandcthatcextremescofcemotionca
ndcactioncwerecvices.cIncallccommunitiesctherecarecsomecmencofcpracticalcwisdomcwhochavectheccapacityctoc
judgecwisely.cAristotlecarguedcthatctheychavectheccapacityctocfollowcthec"rightcrule"cwhatevercthecsituati
on.
DavidcCooper,cValuecPluralismcandcEthicalcChoice
a. Argument;cconclusion:cIncallccommunitiesc...ccapacityctocjudgecwisely.
b. Argument;cconclusion:cAristotlecfocusedconcclarifyingcthecconceptcofcvirtuecitself.
c. Argument;cconclusion:cTheychavectheccapacityctocfollowc...cthecsituation.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cHecarguedcthatcitcwascvirtuousc...cwerecvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:c E PTS:c 2
4. Illegalcimmigrantscpayclocalcsalesctaxes,candcmanycofcthemcalsocpaycstate,clocal,candcfederalcincomectaxcandc
SocialcSecurityctax.cTheycalsocpurchasecitemscfromclocalcmerchants,cincreasingcthecamountcthesecmerchantsc
paycinctaxes.cInoaddition,ctheycworkcforclowcsalaries,cwhichcincreasescthecearningscofctheircemployersoandcthec
amountcofctaxescthesecemployerscpay.cThus,citciscnotccorrectctocsaycthatcillegalcimmigrantsccontributecnothingcto
ctheccommunitiescincwhichctheyclive.
a. Argument;cconclusion:cItciscnotccorrectctocsayc...ccommunitiescincwhichctheyclive.
1
c
A Concise Introduction to Logic
c c c c
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
c c c c c c c
TESTBANK
c
,TABLEOFCONTENTS c c
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
c c c
1. BasicConcepts. c
Arguments,cPremises,candcConclusions.cExercise.cRecognizingcArguments.cExercise.cDeductioncandcInduction.cExercise.cValidity,cTruth,cSoundness,cSt
gth,cCogency.cExercise.cArgumentcForms:cProvingcInvalidity.cExercise.cExtendedcArguments.cExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition. c c c
VarietiescofcMeaning.cExercise.cThecIntensioncandcExtensioncofcTerms.cExercise.cDefinitionscandcTheircPurposes.cExercise.cDefinitionalcTechniques.cEx
cise.cCriteriacforcLexicalcDefinitions.cExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies. c
FallaciescincGeneral.cExercise.cFallaciescofcRelevance.cExercise.cFallaciesoofcWeakcInduction.cExercise.cFallaciescofcPresumption,cAmbiguity,candcIll
Transference.cExercise.cFallaciescincOrdinarycLanguage.cExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
c c c
4. Categorical Propositions. c
ThecComponentscofcCategoricalcPropositions.cExercise.cQuality,oQuantity,candcDistribution.cExercise.cVenncDiagramscandcthecModerncSquarecofcO
osition.cExercise.cConversion,cObversion,oandcContraposition.cExercise.cThecTraditionalcSquarecofcOpposition.cExercise.cVenncDiagramscancdcthecTr
itionalcStandpoint.cExercise.cTranslatingcOrdinarycLanguagecStatementscintocCategoricalcForm.cExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms. c
StandardcForm,cMood,candcFigure.cExercise.cVenncDiagrams.cExercise.cRulescandcFallacies.cExercise.cReducingcthecNumbercofcTerms.cExercise.cOcrd
rycLanguagecArguments.cExercise.cEnthymemes.cExercise.cSorites.cExercise.
6. Propositional Logic. c
SymbolscandcTranslation.cExercise.cTruthcFunctions.cExercise.cTruthcTablescforcPropositions.cExercise.cTruthcTablescforcArguments.cExercise.cIndirectcTr
Tables.cExercise.cArgumentcFormscandcFallacies.cExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
c c c c
RulescofcImplicationcI.cExercise.cRulesoofcImplicationcII.cExercise.cRulescofcReplacementcI.cExercise.cRulescofcReplacementoII.cExercise.cConditionalcPcro
Exercise.cIndirectcProof.cExercise.cProvingcLogicalcTruths.cExercise.
8. Predicate Logic. c
SymbolscandcTranslation.cExercise.cUsingcthecRulescofcInference.cExercise.cQuantifiercNegationcRule.cExercise.cConditionalcandcIndirectcProof.cExcer
e.cProvingcInvalidity.cExercise.cRelationalcPredicatescandcOverlappingcQuantifiers.cExercise.cIdentity.cExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
c c c
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
c c c c c
AnalogicalcReasoning.cLegalcReasoning.cMoralcReasoning.cExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods. c c c
,"Cause"candcNecessarycandcSufficientcConditions.cMill'scFivecMethods.cMill'scMethodsoandcScience.cExercise.
11. Probability.
TheoriescofcProbability.cThecProbabilitycCalculus.cExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
c
EvaluatingcStatistics.cSamples.cThecMeaningcofc"Average."cDispersion.cGraphscandcPictograms.cPercentages.cExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
c
ThecHypotheticalcMethod.cHypotheticalcReasoning:cFourcExamplescfromcScience.cThecProofcofcHypotheses.cThecTentativecAcceptancecofcHypothces
Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
c c
DistinguishingcBetweencSciencecandcSuperstition.cEvidentiarycSupport.cObjectivity.cIntegrity.cAbusingcScience.cExercise.cAnswer
sctocSelectedcExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
c c c
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:cThecfollowingcselectionscrelatectocdistinguishingcargumentscfromcnonargumentscandci
dentifyingcconclusions.cSelectcthecbestcanswercforceach.
1. Therecappearsctocbecacgrowingchappinesscgapcbetweencmencandcwomen.cWomenctodaycarecworkingcmor
ecandcrelaxingcless,cwhilecmencarecworkingclesscandcrelaxingcmore.cFortycyearscagocactypicalcwomancsp
entc40cminutescmorecpercweekcthancthectypicalcmancperformingcancactivitycconsideredcunpleasant.cToda
y,cwithcmencworkingcless,cthecgapcisc90cminutescandcgrowing.
a. Argument;cconclusion:cTodayc...cthecgapcisc90cminutescandcgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;cconclusion:cFortycyearscagoc...cancactivitycconsideredcunpleasant.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cTherecappearsctocbec...cbetweencmencandcwomen.
e. Argument;cconclusion:cWomenctodaycarecworkingcmorecandcrelaxingcless.
ANS:c D PTS:c 2
2. Leadcisctoxic,cbutcdocyoucknowcwhy?cLeadcisctoxiccmainlycbecausecitcpreferentiallycreplacescothercmetalsc
incbiochemicalcreactions.cIncsocdoingcitointerferescwithcthecproteinscthatoregulatecbloodcpressurec(whichccanc
causecdevelopmentcdelayscincchildrencandchighcbloodcpressurecincadults),chemecproductionc(whichccanclea
dctocanemia),candcspermcproduction.cLeadcalsocdisplacesccalciumcincthecreactionscthatctransmitoelectricalc
impulsescincthecbrain,owhichcdiminishescthecabilityctocthinkcandcrecallcinformation.
AnnecMariecHelmstine,c"YourcGuidectocChemistry"
a. Argument;cconclusion:cItointerferescwithcthecproteinsc...candcspermcproduction.
b. Argument;cconclusion:cLeadcisctoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cItopreferentiallycreplacescothercmetalscincbiochemicalcreactions.
e. Argument;cconclusion:cLeadcalsocdisplacesccalciumc...crecallcinformation.
ANS:c C PTS:c 2
3. Aristotlecfocusedconcclarifyingcthecconceptcofcvirtuecitself.cHecarguedcthatcitcwascvirtuousctocchoosecthecpro
percamountcofcemotioncand/orcactionccalledcforcincacparticularcsituationcandcthatcextremescofcemotionca
ndcactioncwerecvices.cIncallccommunitiesctherecarecsomecmencofcpracticalcwisdomcwhochavectheccapacityctoc
judgecwisely.cAristotlecarguedcthatctheychavectheccapacityctocfollowcthec"rightcrule"cwhatevercthecsituati
on.
DavidcCooper,cValuecPluralismcandcEthicalcChoice
a. Argument;cconclusion:cIncallccommunitiesc...ccapacityctocjudgecwisely.
b. Argument;cconclusion:cAristotlecfocusedconcclarifyingcthecconceptcofcvirtuecitself.
c. Argument;cconclusion:cTheychavectheccapacityctocfollowc...cthecsituation.
d. Argument;cconclusion:cHecarguedcthatcitcwascvirtuousc...cwerecvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:c E PTS:c 2
4. Illegalcimmigrantscpayclocalcsalesctaxes,candcmanycofcthemcalsocpaycstate,clocal,candcfederalcincomectaxcandc
SocialcSecurityctax.cTheycalsocpurchasecitemscfromclocalcmerchants,cincreasingcthecamountcthesecmerchantsc
paycinctaxes.cInoaddition,ctheycworkcforclowcsalaries,cwhichcincreasescthecearningscofctheircemployersoandcthec
amountcofctaxescthesecemployerscpay.cThus,citciscnotccorrectctocsaycthatcillegalcimmigrantsccontributecnothingcto
ctheccommunitiescincwhichctheyclive.
a. Argument;cconclusion:cItciscnotccorrectctocsayc...ccommunitiescincwhichctheyclive.
1
