NASE EXAM.

NASE EXAM. The nurse assesses for which physiologic response as compensation for metabolic acidosis? A. Increasing the respiratory rate B. Decreasing the respiratory rate C. Increasing urine output D. Decreasing urine output - CORRECT ANSWER Increasing the respiratory rate Rationale: The decrease in arterial pH stimulates respirations. The body's attempt to compensate occurs rapidly and may reduce the PaCO2 levels by as much as 10 to 15 mm Hg. The nurse recognizes which parameter as the respiratory component of the ABG measurement? A. pH B. HCO3 - C. PaCO2 D. H+ - CORRECT ANSWER C. PaCO2 Rationale: The respiratory components of the ABG measurement are the PaO2 and the PaCO2. When caring for a patient diagnosed with respiratory acidosis, the nurse includes which nursing interventions? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor the patient's ABGs. B. Have the patient breathe into a paper bag. C. Monitor sedation medication usage. D. Encourage the patient to use slow breathing. E. Administer supplemental oxygen. F. Encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer - CORRECT ANSWER A. Monitor the patient's ABGs. C. Monitor sedation medication usage. E. Administer supplemental oxygen. F. Encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer Rationale: Typically in respiratory acidosis, the patient is in respiratory distress with decreased respirations. Priorities for this patient would include monitor the patient's ABGs, monitor sedation medication usage, and administer supplemental oxygen as needed. A patient is admitted to the emergency department with an attempted aspirin overdose. The nurse notes that the patient is hyperventilating and monitors for which acid-base disorder? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER B Rationale: The patient's hyperventilation is most likely related to the overdose of salicylate acid. Any time a patient hyperventilates, the patient's carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2) decrease leading to respiratory alkalosis. Interpret the following ABGs and determine the degree of compensation: A. pH: 7.44, PaCO2: 22, HCO3 - : 16, PaO2: 42 B. pH: 7.27, PaCO2: 37, HCO3 - : 14, PaO2: 90 C. pH: 7.43, PaCO2: 50, HCO3 - : 38, PaO2: 80 D. pH: 7.24, PaCO2: 62, HCO3 - : 39, PaO2: 74 - CORRECT ANSWER A. Completely compensated respiratory alkalosis; B. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis; C. Completely compensated metabolic alkalosis; D. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis How does the nurse interpret an arterial pH of 7.47? A. Acidosis B. Alkalosis C. Compensation D. Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER Alkalosis Measurements 7.45 are considered alkalosis. Which parameter of the ABG result correlates to assessment of the base component? A. pH B. PaO2 C. HCO3 - D. PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER C What acid-base imbalance does the nurse suspect on the basis of these results? pH: 7.31 PaCO2: 52 mm Hg HCO3 - : 28 mEq/L A. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis B. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis C. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis D. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER B Rationale: pH 7.31 (acidosis), PaCO2 52 (acidosis), HCO3 - 28 (alkalosis). When the pH is abnormal and both the PaCO2 and HCO3 - are abnormal, then partial compensation is in process. Which acid-base imbalance should be suspected with th