ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Heart Failure is a complex clinical syndrome in which the heart is incapable of maintaining a
cardiac output adequate to accommodate metabolic requirements and the venous return. It is
caused by abnormality of cardiac function. Systolic heart failure is:
characterized by low diastolic blood pressure
characterized by high systolic blood pressure
a problem with filling of the heart due to stiffness of the muscle
a weak heart and the inability to pump blood out of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER -a
weak heart and the inability to pump blood out of the heart
The prevalence and incidence of heart failure in the U.S. is:
>50,000,000 and >5,000,000 new cases each year
>50,000 and >5,000 new cases each year
>5,000,000 and >500,000 new cases each year
None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - >5,000,000 and >500,000 new cases each
year
,Heart failure is the loss of a critical quantity of functioning myocardial cells after injury to the
heart due to: (choose all that apply)
Prolonged Arrhythmias
Toxins (e.g., alcohol or cytotoxic drugs)
Diabetes
Infections (e.g., viral myocarditis, Chagas' disease)
Valvular Disease
Severe Anemia
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy
HIV / AIDS
Hypertension
Ischemic Heart Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Prolonged Arrhythmias
Toxins (e.g., alcohol or cytotoxic drugs)
Diabetes
Infections (e.g., viral myocarditis, Chagas' disease)
, Valvular Disease
Severe Anemia
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy
HIV / AIDS
Hypertension
Ischemic Heart Disease
Heart failure is a progressive disease, and the chronic hemodynamic stresses imparted on the
failing heart eventually lead to alterations in the heart's size, shape, structure, and function. This
process is known as:
Orthopnea
Frank Starling's Law
Remodeling
Hepatomegaly - CORRECT ANSWER - Remodeling
The natriuretic peptides—ANP, BNP, and CNP-- are vasodilating neurohormones. As such, they
play an important role in counter-regulating the vasoconstricting effects of other neurohormones.
BNP is found in the tissue of the?
Atrium