TEST BANK For Psychology Themes and Variations 4th Canadian Edition By Weiten Chapters 1 - 16, Complete

Chapter 1—The Evolution of Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following individuals is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. G. Stanley Hall c. René Descartes d. William James ANSWER: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 2. According to historians, when and where did the “birth” of psychology occur? a. 1859 in England b. 1879 in Germany c. 1883 in the United States d. 1909 in Austria ANSWER: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 3. According to Wilhelm Wundt, what was the focus of psychology? a. to understand functions of behaviour b. to understand unconscious motivation c. the scientific study of observable behaviour d. the scientific study of conscious experience ANSWER: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 4. What did Wilhelm Wundt believe the focus of psychology should be? a. studying stimulus-response associations b. questioning the nature of existence c. examining people’s awareness of their immediate experience d. determining people’s unconscious motivation for behaviour ANSWER: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Higher order 5. Who established the first psychological research laboratory in the United States and launched that country’s first psychology journal? a. William James b. G. Stanley Hall c. John Watson d. Edward Titchener ANSWER: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember 6. Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association (APA)? a. G. Stanley Hall b. John Watson c. William James d. Sigmund Freud ANSWER: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember 7. What is the world’s largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology? a. Psychologists of North America b. Western Psychological Society c. World Psychology Organization d. American Psychological Association ANSWER: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember 8. What were the first two major schools of psychology? a. functionalism and behaviourism b. behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory c. behaviourism and Gestalt psychology d. structuralism and functionalism ANSWER: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember 9. Which school of psychology focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images? a. humanism b. structuralism c. functionalism d. behaviourism ANSWER: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember 10. Which type of psychologist was most likely to use the technique of introspection? a. structuralist b. behaviourist c. cognitive d. humanist ANSWER: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order 11. Mariska is participating in a study in which she is asked to carefully observe and report her conscious reactions to several stimuli. Which type of psychologist is most likely to conduct a study like this? a. structuralist b. humanist c. behaviourist d. psychoanalytic ANSWER: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order 12. Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Which school of psychology was well- known for using this sort of technique? a. humanism b. structuralism c. functionalism d. behaviourism ANSWER: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order 13. In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience, William looked at an abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. What is this technique called? a. retrospection b. empiricism c. introspection d. psychoanalysis ANSWER: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order 14. Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Which of the following psychologists are Dr. Asgaard’s views most consistent with? a. Ivan Pavlov b. Carl Rogers c. William James d. Edward Titchener ANSWER: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order 15. Which of the following was an important reason why structuralism ended as a dominant school of psychology? a. Introspection was a highly subjective method of analyzing consciousness, and it was difficult for others to validate or evaluate the claims made about a subject’s conscious experiences. b. Psychoanalysis was a much better method than introspection for determining the conscious experiences of an individual. c. Structuralists did not want to examine important psychological issues like sensation and perception. d. Titchener died, and there were no other well-established structuralists to continue his work. ANSWER: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order