Cellular Biology Ch1 Exam Practice
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption? - ✔✔Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained
in the: - ✔✔Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction? - ✔✔Peroxisomes
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain
enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful
oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury? - ✔✔Lysosomes
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between
the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
causing cellular self-digestion.
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
- ✔✔The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory
vesicle to the cell membrane.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - ✔✔S phase
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Rationale: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1
phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs,
the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps? - ✔✔Proteins
Rationale: Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific
enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption? - ✔✔Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained
in the: - ✔✔Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity.
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction? - ✔✔Peroxisomes
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain
enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful
oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury? - ✔✔Lysosomes
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between
the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
causing cellular self-digestion.
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
- ✔✔The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory
vesicle to the cell membrane.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - ✔✔S phase
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Rationale: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1
phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs,
the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps? - ✔✔Proteins
Rationale: Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific
enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
