1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Introduction to Statistics - Final Exam
Questions and Answers 2025
average -
✓ - also called mean; a number that describes the central tendency of
the data
✓ - a number that describes the central tendency of the data; there are
a number of specialized averages, including the arithmetic mean,
weighted mean, median, mode, and geometric mean.
blinding -
✓ not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving
categorical variable -
✓ variables that take on values that are names or labels
cluster sampling -
✓ a method for selecting a random sampling and dividing the population
into groups (clusters); use simple random sampling to select a set of
clusters. every individual in the chosen clusters is included in the sample
continuous random variable -
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are measured; the height of
trees in the forest is a continuous RV.
control group -
✓ a group in a randomized experiment that receives an inactive
treatment but is otherwise managed exactly as the other groups
convenience sampling -
✓ a nonrandom method of selecting a sample; this method selects
individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data.
cumulative relative frequency -
✓ The term applies to an ordered set of observations from smallest to
largest. The cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative
frequencies for all values that are less than or equal to the given value.
data -
✓ a set of observations (a set of possible outcomes); most data can be
put into two groups: qualitative or quantitative which is broken down
into discrete and continuous
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
qualitative data -
✓ (an attribute whose value is indicated by a label
quantitative data -
✓ an attribute whose value is indicated by a number
discrete data -
✓ data that is the result of counting (such as the number of students of a
given ethnic group in a class or number of books on a shelf)
continuous data -
✓ data that is the result of measuring (such as distance traveled or weight
of luggage)
discrete random variable -
✓ a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are counted
double blinging -
✓ the act of blinging both the subjects of an experiment and the
researchers who work with the subjects
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
experimental unit -
✓ any individual or object to be measured
explanitory variable -
✓ the independent varibale in an experiment; the value controlled by
researchers
frequency -
✓ the number of times a value of the data occurs
informed consent -
✓ any human subect in a research study must be cgnizant of any risks or
costs associated with the study. the subject has the right to know the
nature of the treatments included in the study, their potential risks, and
their potential benefits. consent must be given freely by an informed, fit
participant
institutional review board -
✓ a committee tasked with oversight of research programs that involve
human subjects
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
Introduction to Statistics - Final Exam
Questions and Answers 2025
average -
✓ - also called mean; a number that describes the central tendency of
the data
✓ - a number that describes the central tendency of the data; there are
a number of specialized averages, including the arithmetic mean,
weighted mean, median, mode, and geometric mean.
blinding -
✓ not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving
categorical variable -
✓ variables that take on values that are names or labels
cluster sampling -
✓ a method for selecting a random sampling and dividing the population
into groups (clusters); use simple random sampling to select a set of
clusters. every individual in the chosen clusters is included in the sample
continuous random variable -
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are measured; the height of
trees in the forest is a continuous RV.
control group -
✓ a group in a randomized experiment that receives an inactive
treatment but is otherwise managed exactly as the other groups
convenience sampling -
✓ a nonrandom method of selecting a sample; this method selects
individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data.
cumulative relative frequency -
✓ The term applies to an ordered set of observations from smallest to
largest. The cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative
frequencies for all values that are less than or equal to the given value.
data -
✓ a set of observations (a set of possible outcomes); most data can be
put into two groups: qualitative or quantitative which is broken down
into discrete and continuous
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
qualitative data -
✓ (an attribute whose value is indicated by a label
quantitative data -
✓ an attribute whose value is indicated by a number
discrete data -
✓ data that is the result of counting (such as the number of students of a
given ethnic group in a class or number of books on a shelf)
continuous data -
✓ data that is the result of measuring (such as distance traveled or weight
of luggage)
discrete random variable -
✓ a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are counted
double blinging -
✓ the act of blinging both the subjects of an experiment and the
researchers who work with the subjects
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
experimental unit -
✓ any individual or object to be measured
explanitory variable -
✓ the independent varibale in an experiment; the value controlled by
researchers
frequency -
✓ the number of times a value of the data occurs
informed consent -
✓ any human subect in a research study must be cgnizant of any risks or
costs associated with the study. the subject has the right to know the
nature of the treatments included in the study, their potential risks, and
their potential benefits. consent must be given freely by an informed, fit
participant
institutional review board -
✓ a committee tasked with oversight of research programs that involve
human subjects
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
