HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL 2024/2025 STUDY QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________ than that
of the Nervous System. - Answer>>> Slower
Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis. - Answer>>> Nervous System
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called? - Answer>>> Hormones
The nervous system uses _________ to communicate. - Answer>>> nerve impulses
What system transports hormones throughout the body? - Answer>>> circulatory system
All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those that have the proper
_________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated by the hormone. -
Answer>>> Receptors
The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called? - Answer>>> Target cells
Most hormones are what kind of molecule? - Answer>>> Protein or Peptide
There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule? - Answer>>> fat soluble
Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work within the cell as they are not able to
cross the cell membrane. - Answer>>> Second messenger
Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their target is within the nucleus. -
Answer>>> DNA expression
The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind of system, causing increasing levels of
hormones to "turn off" its stimulus? - Answer>>> negative feedback
The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many other endocrine glands? - Answer>>>
Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the what? - Answer>>>
Hypothalamus
Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
,cells. - Answer>>> Insulin
Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop. - Answer>>> PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney. - Answer>>> Aldosterone
Necessary for milk production after child birth. - Answer>>> Prolactin
Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate. - Answer>>> Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4)
Stimulates body cell division and increases length of bones - Answer>>> growth hormone
Two hormones released by the adrenal medulla. - Answer>>> epinephrine and norepinephrine
Element essential for proper production of thyroid hormones (T3/T4) - Answer>>> Iodine
Pituitary hormone that regulates water reabsorption by the kidney. - Answer>>> antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
Hormone that increases the breakdown of glycogen by the liver. - Answer>>> Glucagon
Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine wall muscles. - Answer>>> Oxytocin
Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress response. - Answer>>> Cortisol
Hormone that acts on the ovary to stimulate the production of estrogen. - Answer>>> Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels. - Answer>>> Calcitonin
Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the egg. - Answer>>> luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland - Answer>>> Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones - Answer>>>
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
, Known as the male sex hormone - Answer>>> Testosterone
Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the endometrium - Answer>>> Progesterone
Known as the female sex hormone - Answer>>> Estrogen
The "first line of defense" in innate immunity - Answer>>> skin and mucosa
Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of - Answer>>> Inflammation mediators
A type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything
recognized as non-self - Answer>>> innate immunity
Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive response - Answer>>>
Cytokines
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal
cells - Answer>>> self-tolerance
The most numerous type of phagocyte - Answer>>> Neutophils
What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream? - Answer>>>
Macrophages
Antibodies are proteins of the family - Answer>>> immunoglobulins
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen (primary
immune response) - Answer>>> immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. - Answer>>> active immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________ are present in the plasma
membrane of some cancer cells in addition to self-antigens. - Answer>>> tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate _______________________________
function by regulating B cell and T cell function. - Answer>>> adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity? - Answer>>> naturally
acquired passive immunity
CORRECT ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________ than that
of the Nervous System. - Answer>>> Slower
Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis. - Answer>>> Nervous System
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called? - Answer>>> Hormones
The nervous system uses _________ to communicate. - Answer>>> nerve impulses
What system transports hormones throughout the body? - Answer>>> circulatory system
All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those that have the proper
_________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated by the hormone. -
Answer>>> Receptors
The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called? - Answer>>> Target cells
Most hormones are what kind of molecule? - Answer>>> Protein or Peptide
There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule? - Answer>>> fat soluble
Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work within the cell as they are not able to
cross the cell membrane. - Answer>>> Second messenger
Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their target is within the nucleus. -
Answer>>> DNA expression
The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind of system, causing increasing levels of
hormones to "turn off" its stimulus? - Answer>>> negative feedback
The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many other endocrine glands? - Answer>>>
Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the what? - Answer>>>
Hypothalamus
Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
,cells. - Answer>>> Insulin
Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop. - Answer>>> PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney. - Answer>>> Aldosterone
Necessary for milk production after child birth. - Answer>>> Prolactin
Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate. - Answer>>> Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4)
Stimulates body cell division and increases length of bones - Answer>>> growth hormone
Two hormones released by the adrenal medulla. - Answer>>> epinephrine and norepinephrine
Element essential for proper production of thyroid hormones (T3/T4) - Answer>>> Iodine
Pituitary hormone that regulates water reabsorption by the kidney. - Answer>>> antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
Hormone that increases the breakdown of glycogen by the liver. - Answer>>> Glucagon
Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine wall muscles. - Answer>>> Oxytocin
Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress response. - Answer>>> Cortisol
Hormone that acts on the ovary to stimulate the production of estrogen. - Answer>>> Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels. - Answer>>> Calcitonin
Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the egg. - Answer>>> luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland - Answer>>> Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones - Answer>>>
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
, Known as the male sex hormone - Answer>>> Testosterone
Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the endometrium - Answer>>> Progesterone
Known as the female sex hormone - Answer>>> Estrogen
The "first line of defense" in innate immunity - Answer>>> skin and mucosa
Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of - Answer>>> Inflammation mediators
A type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything
recognized as non-self - Answer>>> innate immunity
Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive response - Answer>>>
Cytokines
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal
cells - Answer>>> self-tolerance
The most numerous type of phagocyte - Answer>>> Neutophils
What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream? - Answer>>>
Macrophages
Antibodies are proteins of the family - Answer>>> immunoglobulins
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen (primary
immune response) - Answer>>> immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. - Answer>>> active immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________ are present in the plasma
membrane of some cancer cells in addition to self-antigens. - Answer>>> tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate _______________________________
function by regulating B cell and T cell function. - Answer>>> adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity? - Answer>>> naturally
acquired passive immunity
