BODY DEFENSES
Innate Immune System Inflammation (continued)
(Non-Specific Defenses) Chemicals released:
Confers Non-specific Resistance Histamine (dilates local
Adaptive Immune System blood vessels and
(Specific Defenses) increases capillary
Confers Specific Resistance permeability)
(classical immunity) (causes redness, heat,
and edema)
Elements of the Innate Immune System
Heparin (retards
Physical Barriers clotting)
Epithelium Prostaglandins
Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
(causes pain)
gives surface of skin low pH
Fever
Lysozyme (in sweat and saliva)
Mucus (Digestive & Hypothalamus acts as
Respiratory Systems) thermostat
Phagocytes Pyrogens adjust body
Microphages (from Neutrophils) temperature upwards
Macrophages (primarily from Fever raises metabolic rate
Probably creates an internal
Monocytes)
environment inhospitable to the
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
temperature optimum of invaders
A kind of Lymphocyte
Carry out Immunological Surveillance Adaptive Immune System
Attack cells with foreign chemical (confers specific immunity)
signatures Involves T Cells and B Cells
In the case of cancer cells,
they key in on
T Cells (T Lymphocytes)
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Tumor-Specific Antigens
Destroy targeted cells by releasing B Cells (B Lymphocytes)
Perforins Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Cancer cells may avoid destruction Inborn Immunity
through Immunological
Acquired Immunity
Escape
Interferons Active (Acquired Immunity)
Natural Active Acquired Immunity
A kind of cytokine (a local Induced Active Acquired Immunity
chemical messenger)
(i.e., vaccine)
Causes infected cells to produce Passive (Acquired Immunity)
Antiviral Proteins Natural Passive Acquired Immunity
Complement System Induced Passive Acquired Immunity
Both a non-specific and Characteristics of Adaptive Immune
Specific Defense System
Multiple circulating Specificity
Complement Proteins Versatility
Assemble to form a
Membrane Attack Complex
Memory
(MAC) Tolerance
Inflammation (Inflammatory Response) Two-pronged Defense
Redness, swelling (edema), Antigen → Macrophage → Helper T Cell
Helper T Cell → Cytotoxic T Cell
pain, and heat Helper T Cell → B Cell →Plasma Cell → Antibodies
(continued)
Innate Immune System Inflammation (continued)
(Non-Specific Defenses) Chemicals released:
Confers Non-specific Resistance Histamine (dilates local
Adaptive Immune System blood vessels and
(Specific Defenses) increases capillary
Confers Specific Resistance permeability)
(classical immunity) (causes redness, heat,
and edema)
Elements of the Innate Immune System
Heparin (retards
Physical Barriers clotting)
Epithelium Prostaglandins
Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
(causes pain)
gives surface of skin low pH
Fever
Lysozyme (in sweat and saliva)
Mucus (Digestive & Hypothalamus acts as
Respiratory Systems) thermostat
Phagocytes Pyrogens adjust body
Microphages (from Neutrophils) temperature upwards
Macrophages (primarily from Fever raises metabolic rate
Probably creates an internal
Monocytes)
environment inhospitable to the
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
temperature optimum of invaders
A kind of Lymphocyte
Carry out Immunological Surveillance Adaptive Immune System
Attack cells with foreign chemical (confers specific immunity)
signatures Involves T Cells and B Cells
In the case of cancer cells,
they key in on
T Cells (T Lymphocytes)
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Tumor-Specific Antigens
Destroy targeted cells by releasing B Cells (B Lymphocytes)
Perforins Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Cancer cells may avoid destruction Inborn Immunity
through Immunological
Acquired Immunity
Escape
Interferons Active (Acquired Immunity)
Natural Active Acquired Immunity
A kind of cytokine (a local Induced Active Acquired Immunity
chemical messenger)
(i.e., vaccine)
Causes infected cells to produce Passive (Acquired Immunity)
Antiviral Proteins Natural Passive Acquired Immunity
Complement System Induced Passive Acquired Immunity
Both a non-specific and Characteristics of Adaptive Immune
Specific Defense System
Multiple circulating Specificity
Complement Proteins Versatility
Assemble to form a
Membrane Attack Complex
Memory
(MAC) Tolerance
Inflammation (Inflammatory Response) Two-pronged Defense
Redness, swelling (edema), Antigen → Macrophage → Helper T Cell
Helper T Cell → Cytotoxic T Cell
pain, and heat Helper T Cell → B Cell →Plasma Cell → Antibodies
(continued)
