Diversity in Organizations Exam Questions Answered Correctly Graded A+ (Latest Update )

Diversity in Organizations Exam Questions Answered Correctly Graded A+ (Latest Update ) Diversity - Answers Real or perceived differences among people that affect their interactions and relationships Employment (labor market) discrimination - Answers Valuation of personal characteristic of applicants in the labor market that are not related to productivity Access discrimination - Answers Denying an individual access to jobs based on areas that are not related to productivity Treatment discrimination - Answers Unfair treatment of individuals once they are employed Inclusion - Answers Degree to which different voices of a diverse workforce are respected and heard In inclusive organizations, employees: Feel accepted Feel a sense of belongingness Contribute to decision-making processes Social Hierarchy - Answers Ranking of individuals or groups, explicitly or implicitly, based on valued social dimensions Increased ethnic diversity in U.S. has created a multi-racial hierarchy In multi-racial hierarchy there is diversity, but without equality and inclusion Cox and Blake's Reasons to Value Organizational Diversity - Answers Cost, resource acquisition, marketing, creativity and problem solving, system flexibility cost - Answers Employee turnover costs, litigation costs, and lost business due to unfair treatment of applicants, employees, and customers. Resource acquisition - Answers Improves the ability to compete for employees Marketing - Answers Reputation for valuing all types of workers affects the ability to market to different types of consumers and avoid expensive marketing gaffes Creativity and problem solving - Answers Groups composed of diverse members produce more solutions to problems and ideas of higher-quality, and better decisions. System flexibility - Answers Diverse life experiences help develop cognitive flexibility, openness to experience, and perspective-taking abilities Internal Difficulties with Diversity - Answers Dysfunctional communication processes Discrimination Harassment Perceptions that nontraditional workers are unqualified Lowered attachment, commitment, and satisfaction External Difficulties with Diversity - Answers Boycotts Negative publicity Benefits to Individuals - Answers Changes in social and cognitive outcomes Learning to interact with others in meaningful ways Viewing diversity as not necessarily being divisive Seeing commonality in values Learning to take the perspective of others Increased awareness of social problems and support for diversity efforts Increased tolerance for others Learning from others who are different Minorities and Non-Dominant Groups - Answers Subordinated to majority or dominant group members in terms of power, prestige, and privilege Does not necessarily mean groups that are numerically fewer than majority group members Common characteristics include identifiability, differential power, experience of discrimination, and group awareness Identifiable Characteristics of Minorities - Answers Distinguishable and readily apparent differences in physical or cultural traits Stigma: Deviations from the desired norm in a certain context Differential power characteristics of Minorities - Answers Permits those who have more power to control those who have less power Enables powerful groups to control access to education, employment, food, health care, income, and voting rights Discrimination Characteristics of Minorities - Answers Differential and pejorative actions that serve to limit the social, political, or economic opportunities of members of particular groups Group Awareness - Answers Consequence of subordination and discrimination May also result in resistance and activism Prejudice - Answers Irrationally based, negative attitudes Discrimination - Behavior based on prejudicial attitudes Stereotypes - Answers Overgeneralization of characteristics to large groups of people Prescriptive stereotyping - Answers Ideas about how people should behave based on their group memberships Descriptive stereotypes - Answers Ideas about how people do or will behave based on their group membership Social categorization - Answers Tendency to perceive oneself and others as belonging to particular groups Involves creating order in one's social environment by groupings persons Social identity - Answers Part of an individual's self-concept that originates from: His or her membership in a particular social group Value and emotional significance attached to that group membership Similarity effect - Answers Bias in which individuals select and hire demographically similar others Attribution errors - Answers While evaluating others' behaviors: Undermining the influence of external factors Overestimating the influence of internal factors Internalized racism - Answers When members of devalued races believe negative messages about their intrinsic worth and that of others of the same race Internalized sexism - Answers When women believe negative messages about their intrinsic worth and that of other women Stereotype threat - Answers Occurs when one is concerned about being judged by a negative