The Life Span: Human Development for Helping
Professionals. Chapters 9-15 Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Identify primary and secondary sexual characteristics - ✔✔Primary sexual characteristics: Physical straits
directly involved in reproduction, such as the genitalia.
Secondary sexual characteristics: Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction, but is indicative of
sex, such as enlarged breasts in females and deeper voices in male.
Pubarche - ✔✔The beginning of puberty marked by the first growth of pubic hair.
Thelarche - ✔✔The beginning of breast development at the onset of puberty.
Menarche - ✔✔The beginning of the menstrual function; especially the first menstrual period of an
individual.
Spermarche - ✔✔The start of sperm development in boys at puberty.
Frontal lobe - ✔✔Part of the cerebrum that is situated at the top front part of each hemisphere and
controls voluntary muscle movements and higher level cognitive functions (planning, goal setting,
decision-making).
Page 1/40
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,Parietal lobe - ✔✔Plays a role in interpreting sensory information. Making individuals aware of their
limbs is a major responsibility of the parietal lobe. Non-verbal language is processed in this region as
well.
Temporal lobe - ✔✔Part of the cerebrum that is situated on the sides of each hemisphere and is
responsible for auditory processing. The left temporal lobe is especially important in language
processing.
Corpus callosum - ✔✔A network of fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the
brain. Its maturation from early childhood through adolescence contributes to coordination and
integration of information and aides in the development of consciousness.
Behavioral changes that happen in puberty - ✔✔Moodiness, conflict with parents, negative affect, and
risky behaviors such as violating norms and recklessness.
More mood disruptions, more feelings of self-consciousness and embarrassment, more extremes of
emotion, and less happiness than younger children or adults.
The role of early or late maturation and susceptibility to depression - ✔✔-Early maturers are more
affected by hormonal influences.
-Girls must deal with more stressors than boys
-Decline in self-esteem (more for girls than boys)
-Body image plays a large role in girls' self-esteem
-Girls experience stress due to their sexuality and the double standard by which they are judged.
Page 2/40
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,-More mixed-group associations which may be less affirming for girls than boys.
-Steady or frequent daters with higher sexual activity are more prone to depression.
-Girls utilize a coping style of rumination which also increases the risk of depression.
Summarize the emergence of sexuality and sexual development - ✔✔Sexual pleasure is part of human
functioning even in early childhood. On average, children begin to show sexual attraction at adrenarche -
when the adrenal glands increase their activity just before puberty, at about age 10.
The strength and urgency of the adult sex drive, emerging as a function of puberty, is a new experience
to young adolescents. Faced with their increased sexual interest, most adolescents begin to explore their
sexuality.
Cognitive development in regards to formal operational thought - ✔✔Challenging even for adults
Easier to apply in domains of expertise
Use of logic and abstract thinking
Cognitive development in regards to scientific problem solving - ✔✔Generate and consider possible
solutions; able to grasp the "hypothetical" concept
Cognitive development in regards to constructing ideals - ✔✔Adolescent egocentrism may contribute to
critical attitude
toward anything less than perfect.
Page 3/40
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, Cognitive development in regards to metacognition - ✔✔- Improved capacity to think about own
thinking
- Self-focus related to need to form adult identity.
Imaginary audience - ✔✔Because adolescents are so sure others are as interested in them as they are,
they can become extremely self-conscious.
Personal fable - ✔✔Another feature of the adolescent's self-focus is the distorted view of their own
importance.
Invincibility fable - ✔✔A feeling of being invulnerable, even immortal, can be part of this fantasy,
perhaps contributing to increases in risk taking at adolescence.
Describe identity development and changes in adolescents - ✔✔Ego Identity, as Erikson first called it,
serves as the foundation for the behavioral, effective and cognitive commitments to career, relationships
and political and religious belief systems that will be made in adulthood.
Identify Marcia's four identity status categories - ✔✔Diffusion
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Achievement
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JrZwmHU9xE
Diffusion - ✔✔Where adolescents embark on identity development process; no commitments or life
choices; high incident of risk taking
Page 4/40
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
Professionals. Chapters 9-15 Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Identify primary and secondary sexual characteristics - ✔✔Primary sexual characteristics: Physical straits
directly involved in reproduction, such as the genitalia.
Secondary sexual characteristics: Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction, but is indicative of
sex, such as enlarged breasts in females and deeper voices in male.
Pubarche - ✔✔The beginning of puberty marked by the first growth of pubic hair.
Thelarche - ✔✔The beginning of breast development at the onset of puberty.
Menarche - ✔✔The beginning of the menstrual function; especially the first menstrual period of an
individual.
Spermarche - ✔✔The start of sperm development in boys at puberty.
Frontal lobe - ✔✔Part of the cerebrum that is situated at the top front part of each hemisphere and
controls voluntary muscle movements and higher level cognitive functions (planning, goal setting,
decision-making).
Page 1/40
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
,Parietal lobe - ✔✔Plays a role in interpreting sensory information. Making individuals aware of their
limbs is a major responsibility of the parietal lobe. Non-verbal language is processed in this region as
well.
Temporal lobe - ✔✔Part of the cerebrum that is situated on the sides of each hemisphere and is
responsible for auditory processing. The left temporal lobe is especially important in language
processing.
Corpus callosum - ✔✔A network of fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the
brain. Its maturation from early childhood through adolescence contributes to coordination and
integration of information and aides in the development of consciousness.
Behavioral changes that happen in puberty - ✔✔Moodiness, conflict with parents, negative affect, and
risky behaviors such as violating norms and recklessness.
More mood disruptions, more feelings of self-consciousness and embarrassment, more extremes of
emotion, and less happiness than younger children or adults.
The role of early or late maturation and susceptibility to depression - ✔✔-Early maturers are more
affected by hormonal influences.
-Girls must deal with more stressors than boys
-Decline in self-esteem (more for girls than boys)
-Body image plays a large role in girls' self-esteem
-Girls experience stress due to their sexuality and the double standard by which they are judged.
Page 2/40
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
,-More mixed-group associations which may be less affirming for girls than boys.
-Steady or frequent daters with higher sexual activity are more prone to depression.
-Girls utilize a coping style of rumination which also increases the risk of depression.
Summarize the emergence of sexuality and sexual development - ✔✔Sexual pleasure is part of human
functioning even in early childhood. On average, children begin to show sexual attraction at adrenarche -
when the adrenal glands increase their activity just before puberty, at about age 10.
The strength and urgency of the adult sex drive, emerging as a function of puberty, is a new experience
to young adolescents. Faced with their increased sexual interest, most adolescents begin to explore their
sexuality.
Cognitive development in regards to formal operational thought - ✔✔Challenging even for adults
Easier to apply in domains of expertise
Use of logic and abstract thinking
Cognitive development in regards to scientific problem solving - ✔✔Generate and consider possible
solutions; able to grasp the "hypothetical" concept
Cognitive development in regards to constructing ideals - ✔✔Adolescent egocentrism may contribute to
critical attitude
toward anything less than perfect.
Page 3/40
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
, Cognitive development in regards to metacognition - ✔✔- Improved capacity to think about own
thinking
- Self-focus related to need to form adult identity.
Imaginary audience - ✔✔Because adolescents are so sure others are as interested in them as they are,
they can become extremely self-conscious.
Personal fable - ✔✔Another feature of the adolescent's self-focus is the distorted view of their own
importance.
Invincibility fable - ✔✔A feeling of being invulnerable, even immortal, can be part of this fantasy,
perhaps contributing to increases in risk taking at adolescence.
Describe identity development and changes in adolescents - ✔✔Ego Identity, as Erikson first called it,
serves as the foundation for the behavioral, effective and cognitive commitments to career, relationships
and political and religious belief systems that will be made in adulthood.
Identify Marcia's four identity status categories - ✔✔Diffusion
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Achievement
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JrZwmHU9xE
Diffusion - ✔✔Where adolescents embark on identity development process; no commitments or life
choices; high incident of risk taking
Page 4/40
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
