JERSEY COLLEGE NUTRITION MIDTERM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Nutrition - Answer :the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and
influences our health influences
Nutrients - Answer :chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and
function.
Six groups of nutrients - Answer :carbohydrates; fats and oils; proteins; vitamins;
minerals; water
Macronutrients - Answer :nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to
support normal function and health. Carbs, fats, and proteins.
Micronutrients - Answer :nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal
health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B&C.
Vitamins ADKE - Answer :organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's
processes.
Minerals B&C - Answer :inorganic substances that are not broken down during
digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light.
EAR The Estimated Average Requirement - Answer :the average daily intake level
estimated to meet the needs of half the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to
calculate the RDA
RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance - Answer :the average daily intake level
estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount!
AI The Adequate Intake - Answer :average daily intake level assumed to be adequate.
It is used when an EAR can not be determined. Aim for this amount if there is no RDA!
UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level - Answer :the highest average daily intake level
likely to pose no health risks. Do not exceed this amount on a daily basis.
AMDR The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - Answer :the recommend
range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total
energy.
healthful diet - Answer :a diet that provides the proper combination of energy and
nutrients and is adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied
, nutrient dense foods - Answer :foods that provide the most nutrients for the least
amount of energy.
nutrient density - Answer :the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy or
number of Calories.
Exchange system - Answer :a diet planning tool in which exchanges, or portions, are
organized according to the amount of carbs, protein, fat, and calories in each food.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer :a set of principles developed by the US
Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services to
assist Americans in designing a healthful diet and lifestyle. Updated approximately
every 5 years.
Healthy People 2020 - Answer :Is a health promotion and disease prevention plan for
the United States. Updated every 10 years.
Digestion - Answer :the process by which foods are broken down into their component
molecules, either mechanically or chemically
Absorption - Answer :the physiological process by which molecules of food are taken
from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation.
hunger - Answer :physiological drive for food
Satiety - Answer :a physiological sensation of fullness
Hormones - Answer :a chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by one of
the many glands of the body, which acts as a regular of physiological processes at a
site remote from the gland that secreted it.
Peristalsis - Answer :waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food in
one direction through the length of the GI tract
Chyme - Answer :a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and
gastric juices.
Appetite - Answer :a psychological desire to consume specific foods
Carbohydrates - Answer :one of the three macronutrients, a compound made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is derived from plants and provides.
simple carbs - Answer :called sugar; can be either monosaccharide such as glucose or
a disaccharide.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Nutrition - Answer :the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and
influences our health influences
Nutrients - Answer :chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and
function.
Six groups of nutrients - Answer :carbohydrates; fats and oils; proteins; vitamins;
minerals; water
Macronutrients - Answer :nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to
support normal function and health. Carbs, fats, and proteins.
Micronutrients - Answer :nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal
health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B&C.
Vitamins ADKE - Answer :organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's
processes.
Minerals B&C - Answer :inorganic substances that are not broken down during
digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light.
EAR The Estimated Average Requirement - Answer :the average daily intake level
estimated to meet the needs of half the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to
calculate the RDA
RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance - Answer :the average daily intake level
estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount!
AI The Adequate Intake - Answer :average daily intake level assumed to be adequate.
It is used when an EAR can not be determined. Aim for this amount if there is no RDA!
UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level - Answer :the highest average daily intake level
likely to pose no health risks. Do not exceed this amount on a daily basis.
AMDR The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - Answer :the recommend
range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total
energy.
healthful diet - Answer :a diet that provides the proper combination of energy and
nutrients and is adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied
, nutrient dense foods - Answer :foods that provide the most nutrients for the least
amount of energy.
nutrient density - Answer :the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy or
number of Calories.
Exchange system - Answer :a diet planning tool in which exchanges, or portions, are
organized according to the amount of carbs, protein, fat, and calories in each food.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer :a set of principles developed by the US
Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services to
assist Americans in designing a healthful diet and lifestyle. Updated approximately
every 5 years.
Healthy People 2020 - Answer :Is a health promotion and disease prevention plan for
the United States. Updated every 10 years.
Digestion - Answer :the process by which foods are broken down into their component
molecules, either mechanically or chemically
Absorption - Answer :the physiological process by which molecules of food are taken
from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation.
hunger - Answer :physiological drive for food
Satiety - Answer :a physiological sensation of fullness
Hormones - Answer :a chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by one of
the many glands of the body, which acts as a regular of physiological processes at a
site remote from the gland that secreted it.
Peristalsis - Answer :waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food in
one direction through the length of the GI tract
Chyme - Answer :a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and
gastric juices.
Appetite - Answer :a psychological desire to consume specific foods
Carbohydrates - Answer :one of the three macronutrients, a compound made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is derived from plants and provides.
simple carbs - Answer :called sugar; can be either monosaccharide such as glucose or
a disaccharide.
