MCCN SDAP X Patho Exam 1 Questions And 100%
Correct Answers (A+)
Endometriosis - ANSWER Endometriosis is when cells from the lining of your womb
(uterus) grow in other places in your body. It can cause pain, heavy bleeding, bleeding
between periods, and sometimes it makes it hard to get pregnant (infertility).
Endometriosis signs and symptoms - ANSWER 1. Painful periods
2. Pain in lower belly before and during period.
3. Cramps for a week or 2 before and during period. Cramps may be steady and range
from dull to severe.
4. Pain during or following sexual intercourse.
5. Pain with bowel movements.
6. Pelvic or low back pain that may occur at any time.
Symptoms vary. Some women with a lot of tissue in their pelvis have no pain at all, while
some women with milder disease have severe pain.
Treatment of Endometriosis - ANSWER 1. Pain relievers
2. Hormone therapy (pills, injection of hormones, etc.)
3. Surgery (complete removal of the uterus, ovaries, tubes, or small incision to remove
extra tissue)
pelvic inflammatory disease - ANSWER PID is a polymicrobial infection of the upper
reproductive tract (uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) associated with sexually
transmitted and endogenous organisms.
PID etiology - ANSWER Woman at risk:
,Woman less than 25yrs (or sexually active less than 15yr)
Use of non barrier contraceptive
Multiple sex partners
Prev history of PID or STI
PID s/s - ANSWER 1. Lower abdominal pain
2. Dyspareunia (difficult or painful sexual intercourse)
3. Back pain
4. Purulent (pus) cervical discharge
5. Painful cervix
Chronic inflammation associated with PID. - ANSWER Fever, elevated erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, and WBC count are common even though the woman does not
appear to be ill. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) correlate with inflammation
and can be used diagnostically as well.
PID treatment/prevention - ANSWER Treatment: hospitalization with antibiotics via IV
and outpatient antibiotic therapy.
Prevention: aimed at preventing pelvic adhesions, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic
abdominal pain, and tuboovarian abscesses.
cervical cancer - ANSWER The pathogenesis of cervical cancer has been linked to HPV
infection by a series of epidemiological, pathological, and molecular genetic studies.
HPV infects immature basal cells of the squamous epithelium, but not mature superficial
cells that cover the exocervix, vagina, or vulva, accounting for the susceptibility of cells
in the transformation zone to malignant transformation. HPV 16 accounts for 60% of
cervical cancer. HPV 18 accounts for 10%. Low risk HPV 6 and 11 account for genital
warts.
Cervical cancer etiology - ANSWER Most HPV infections are transient (host defense
system can clear before it causes neoplastic change in cervical cells). There are other
, factors that might promote growth:
Cigarette smoking
Dietary and nutritional factors
Early age of sexual intercourse
Family history
Immunodeficiency
Hormonal
oral cancer - ANSWER HPV positive tumors of the upper throat account for a majority of
these cases and which is referred to as oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol are
usually associated with this tumor, now we are seeing a rise possibly due to oral sex.
Diagnosis cervical cancer - ANSWER Pap smear and then colposcopy biopsy sample
from suspect areas and examine microscopically.
Cervical cancer treatment - ANSWER Removal of lesion: electrocautery, cryosurgery
carbon dioxide laser therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemoradiation,
chemotherapy.
Prevention: Pap smear (starts at 21 years of age and every 3 years until 29. 30-65 every
5 years).
Cervical cancer vaccine - ANSWER Administrated between the ages of 9-26.
Quadrivalent: 16, 18, 6, & 11
Bivalent: 6 & 11 (only females and for genital warts) between 9-26.
Stage 0 - ANSWER Carcinoma in situ
Correct Answers (A+)
Endometriosis - ANSWER Endometriosis is when cells from the lining of your womb
(uterus) grow in other places in your body. It can cause pain, heavy bleeding, bleeding
between periods, and sometimes it makes it hard to get pregnant (infertility).
Endometriosis signs and symptoms - ANSWER 1. Painful periods
2. Pain in lower belly before and during period.
3. Cramps for a week or 2 before and during period. Cramps may be steady and range
from dull to severe.
4. Pain during or following sexual intercourse.
5. Pain with bowel movements.
6. Pelvic or low back pain that may occur at any time.
Symptoms vary. Some women with a lot of tissue in their pelvis have no pain at all, while
some women with milder disease have severe pain.
Treatment of Endometriosis - ANSWER 1. Pain relievers
2. Hormone therapy (pills, injection of hormones, etc.)
3. Surgery (complete removal of the uterus, ovaries, tubes, or small incision to remove
extra tissue)
pelvic inflammatory disease - ANSWER PID is a polymicrobial infection of the upper
reproductive tract (uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) associated with sexually
transmitted and endogenous organisms.
PID etiology - ANSWER Woman at risk:
,Woman less than 25yrs (or sexually active less than 15yr)
Use of non barrier contraceptive
Multiple sex partners
Prev history of PID or STI
PID s/s - ANSWER 1. Lower abdominal pain
2. Dyspareunia (difficult or painful sexual intercourse)
3. Back pain
4. Purulent (pus) cervical discharge
5. Painful cervix
Chronic inflammation associated with PID. - ANSWER Fever, elevated erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, and WBC count are common even though the woman does not
appear to be ill. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) correlate with inflammation
and can be used diagnostically as well.
PID treatment/prevention - ANSWER Treatment: hospitalization with antibiotics via IV
and outpatient antibiotic therapy.
Prevention: aimed at preventing pelvic adhesions, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic
abdominal pain, and tuboovarian abscesses.
cervical cancer - ANSWER The pathogenesis of cervical cancer has been linked to HPV
infection by a series of epidemiological, pathological, and molecular genetic studies.
HPV infects immature basal cells of the squamous epithelium, but not mature superficial
cells that cover the exocervix, vagina, or vulva, accounting for the susceptibility of cells
in the transformation zone to malignant transformation. HPV 16 accounts for 60% of
cervical cancer. HPV 18 accounts for 10%. Low risk HPV 6 and 11 account for genital
warts.
Cervical cancer etiology - ANSWER Most HPV infections are transient (host defense
system can clear before it causes neoplastic change in cervical cells). There are other
, factors that might promote growth:
Cigarette smoking
Dietary and nutritional factors
Early age of sexual intercourse
Family history
Immunodeficiency
Hormonal
oral cancer - ANSWER HPV positive tumors of the upper throat account for a majority of
these cases and which is referred to as oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol are
usually associated with this tumor, now we are seeing a rise possibly due to oral sex.
Diagnosis cervical cancer - ANSWER Pap smear and then colposcopy biopsy sample
from suspect areas and examine microscopically.
Cervical cancer treatment - ANSWER Removal of lesion: electrocautery, cryosurgery
carbon dioxide laser therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemoradiation,
chemotherapy.
Prevention: Pap smear (starts at 21 years of age and every 3 years until 29. 30-65 every
5 years).
Cervical cancer vaccine - ANSWER Administrated between the ages of 9-26.
Quadrivalent: 16, 18, 6, & 11
Bivalent: 6 & 11 (only females and for genital warts) between 9-26.
Stage 0 - ANSWER Carcinoma in situ
