©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
EDKP 498 - Final Exam Material (Post
Midterm) Questions With Correct Answers
3 Types of Goal Setting - answer✔1. Process Goals (best): focus on specific behaviours that an
athlete must engage in throughout the performance "keep your head up while carrying the
puck"
2. Performance Goals: Focus on improving and attaining personal performance standards
"improvgn save percentage each game"
3. Focus on social comparison and competitive results "win a game"
SMART(ER) Principles - answer✔Specific, Measureable, Adjustable, Realistic, Timely, Evaluate,
Rewards
Performance Profiling Steps - answer✔1. Identify key performance chaarcterisitics
2. Identify ideal rating for each characteristic (1-10)
3. Rate current ability for each characteristic (1-10)
4. Subtract current rating from ideal
5. Prioritize performance weaknesses and determine which is in need of most attention
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Common Problems with Goal Setting - answer✔- setting too many goals
- athletes do not "buy into it"
- failure to recognie individual differences
- underestimating the time required for effective goal setting programs
- failure to provide athletes with follow-up
Define Self-Talk
What are the 2 types? - answer✔- verbalizations or statments addressed to the self,
multidimensional in nature, and have interpretive elements associated with their context
1. Intructional Self Talk
2. Motivational Self Talk
Instructional Self Talk - answer✔Used for:
- skill development
- skill execution
- strategy development
- general performance improvement
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- breaking a bad habit
Motivational Self Talk (3 purposes) - answer✔1. Mastery - eg. building self confidence
2. Arousal - eg. relaxing before competition
3. Drive - eg. increasing effort
Task Matching Hypothesis - answer✔Instructional Statements: high skill, timing, and precision
Motivational Statements: muscular strength + endurance
6 Dimensions of Self Talk - answer✔valence - positive of negative
verbalization - overt or covert
self-determination - assigned or freely chosen
directional interpretation - motivating or demotivating
directional intensity - not at all motivating or very much so motivating
frequency - often or never
History of Imagery (Who, when?) - answer✔Edmund Jacobson (1931)
He imagined his arm moving and found that the neurons were firing even though his arm
wasn't moving
3|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is imagery? - answer✔- a form of simulation that involves recalling from memory pieces
of information stored from experience and shaping those pieces into meaningful images
- involves all senses: visual, kinesthetic (feel your body), auditory, tactile, olfactory
- more complicated than visualization because it involves all the senses
How imagery works:
1. Psychoneuromuscular Theory
2. Symbolic Learning Theory
3. Psychological Skill Hypothesis
3. Bioinformational Theory
4. Triple Code Model - answer✔1. Psychoneuromuscular Theory: progamming your muscles for
action; imagined events innervate the muscles like physical practice of the movement would;
strengthens neural pathways
2. Symbolic Learning Theory: understanding movement patterns; imagery functions as a coding
system (mental blueprints)
3. Psychological Skill Hypothesis: imagery develops and refines mental skills like concentration
and confidence, which reduces anxiety and improves performance
4. Bioinformational Theory: a description of an image consists of two main types of statments:
stimulus propositions and response propositions
4|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
EDKP 498 - Final Exam Material (Post
Midterm) Questions With Correct Answers
3 Types of Goal Setting - answer✔1. Process Goals (best): focus on specific behaviours that an
athlete must engage in throughout the performance "keep your head up while carrying the
puck"
2. Performance Goals: Focus on improving and attaining personal performance standards
"improvgn save percentage each game"
3. Focus on social comparison and competitive results "win a game"
SMART(ER) Principles - answer✔Specific, Measureable, Adjustable, Realistic, Timely, Evaluate,
Rewards
Performance Profiling Steps - answer✔1. Identify key performance chaarcterisitics
2. Identify ideal rating for each characteristic (1-10)
3. Rate current ability for each characteristic (1-10)
4. Subtract current rating from ideal
5. Prioritize performance weaknesses and determine which is in need of most attention
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Common Problems with Goal Setting - answer✔- setting too many goals
- athletes do not "buy into it"
- failure to recognie individual differences
- underestimating the time required for effective goal setting programs
- failure to provide athletes with follow-up
Define Self-Talk
What are the 2 types? - answer✔- verbalizations or statments addressed to the self,
multidimensional in nature, and have interpretive elements associated with their context
1. Intructional Self Talk
2. Motivational Self Talk
Instructional Self Talk - answer✔Used for:
- skill development
- skill execution
- strategy development
- general performance improvement
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- breaking a bad habit
Motivational Self Talk (3 purposes) - answer✔1. Mastery - eg. building self confidence
2. Arousal - eg. relaxing before competition
3. Drive - eg. increasing effort
Task Matching Hypothesis - answer✔Instructional Statements: high skill, timing, and precision
Motivational Statements: muscular strength + endurance
6 Dimensions of Self Talk - answer✔valence - positive of negative
verbalization - overt or covert
self-determination - assigned or freely chosen
directional interpretation - motivating or demotivating
directional intensity - not at all motivating or very much so motivating
frequency - often or never
History of Imagery (Who, when?) - answer✔Edmund Jacobson (1931)
He imagined his arm moving and found that the neurons were firing even though his arm
wasn't moving
3|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What is imagery? - answer✔- a form of simulation that involves recalling from memory pieces
of information stored from experience and shaping those pieces into meaningful images
- involves all senses: visual, kinesthetic (feel your body), auditory, tactile, olfactory
- more complicated than visualization because it involves all the senses
How imagery works:
1. Psychoneuromuscular Theory
2. Symbolic Learning Theory
3. Psychological Skill Hypothesis
3. Bioinformational Theory
4. Triple Code Model - answer✔1. Psychoneuromuscular Theory: progamming your muscles for
action; imagined events innervate the muscles like physical practice of the movement would;
strengthens neural pathways
2. Symbolic Learning Theory: understanding movement patterns; imagery functions as a coding
system (mental blueprints)
3. Psychological Skill Hypothesis: imagery develops and refines mental skills like concentration
and confidence, which reduces anxiety and improves performance
4. Bioinformational Theory: a description of an image consists of two main types of statments:
stimulus propositions and response propositions
4|Page
