n
TESTnBANKnFORnPILBEAM'SnMECHANICALnVENTILATION:nPHYSIOLOGICALnAND
nCLINICALnAPPLICATIONSn6THnEDITIONnBYnJ.M.nCAIROn
n
,Thisnevidence-
basedntestnbanknwalksnreadersnthroughnthenmostnfundamentalnandnadvancednconceptsnsurrou
ndingnmechanicalnventilationnandnguidesnthemninnproperlynapplyingnthesenprinciplesntonpatie
ntncare.nThisneditionnfeaturesnancompletelynrevisednchapternonnventilatorngraphics,nadditionaln
casenstudiesnandnclinicalnscenarios,nplusnallnthenreader-
friendlynfeaturesnthatnpromotencriticalnthinkingnandnclinicalnapplicationn—
nlikenkeynpoints,nAARCnclinicalnpracticenguidelines,nandncriticalncarenconceptsn—
nthatnhavenhelpednmakenthisntestnbanknanhouseholdnnamenamongnrespiratoryncarenprofessional
s.nn
n
TABLEnOFnCONTENTn
PartnI:nBasicnConceptsnandnCorenKnowledgeninnMechanicalnVentilationnn
1. OxygenationnandnAcid-BasenEvaluationnn
2. BasicnTermsnandnConceptsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
3. HownVentilatorsnWorknn
4. HownanBreathnIsnDeliveredn
n
PartnII:nInitiatingnVentilationnn
5. EstablishingnthenNeednfornMechanicalnVentilationnn
6. SelectingnthenVentilatornandnthenModenn
7. InitialnVentilatornSettingsnn
8. FinalnConsiderationsninnVentilatornSetupn
n
PartnIII:nMonitoringninnMechanicalnVentilationnn
9. InitialnPatientnAssessmentnn
10. VentilatornGraphicsnn
11. NoninvasivenMonitoringnofnMechanically-VentilatednPatientsnn
12. HemodynamicnMonitoringn
n
PartnIV:nTherapeuticnInterventionsn–nMakingnAppropriatenChangesnn
13. MethodsntonImprovenVentilationnandnOthernTechniquesninnPatient-VentilatornManagementnn
, 14. ImprovingnOxygenation,nReviewnofnARDS,nandnLungnRecruitmentnManeuversnn
15. FrequentlynUsednPharmacologicnAgentsninnVentilatednPatients:nSedatives,nAnalgesicsnandnParalyti
csn
n
PartnV:nEffectsnandnComplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
16. CardiovascularnandnOrgannSystemnEffectsnandnComplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
17. EffectsnofnPositivenPressurenVentilationnonnthenPulmonarynSystemnn
18. Problem-SolvingnandnTroubleshootingn
n
PartnVI:nNoninvasivenPositivenPressurenVentilationnn
19. BasicnConceptsnofnNoninvasivenPositivenPressurenVentilationn
n
PartnVII:nDiscontinuationnfromnVentilationnandnLong-TermnVentilationnn
20. WeaningnandnDiscontinuationnn
21. Long-TermnVentilation!n
n
PartnVIII:nSpecialnApplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
22. NeonatalnandnPediatricnVentilationnn
23. SpecialnTechniquesninnVentilatorynSupportn
Chapter 1: Oxygenation an
n n n
d Acid-Base Evaluation
n n n
Test Bank n n n
n
MULTIPLEnCHOICEn
n
1. Thenstructurenthatnisnresponsiblenfornreturningnoxygenatednbloodntonthenheartnisnthena.nPulmonar
ynartery.n
b. Pulmonarynvein.n
c. Superiornvenancava.n
d. Inferiornvenancava.n
ANS:nBn
, Thenpulmonarynveinncarriesnoxygenatednbloodntonthenheart.nThenpulmonarynarteryncarriesndeoxyg
enatednbloodnfromnthenheartntonthenlungs.nBothnvenaencavaenreturnnbloodntonthenrightnatriumnofnthe
nheart.n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n823-824n
OBJ:nDescribenthenstructurenandnfunctionnofnthencardiopulmonarynsystem.nTOP:
nPlanningnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
2. Chemicalnreceptorsnthatnstimulateninspirationnarenlocatedninnthen
a. Brain.n
b. Lungs.n
c. Aorta.n
d. Heart.n
ANS:nCn
Chemicalnreceptorsninnthenaortansendnsignalsntonbeginntheninspirationnprocess.nThenbrain,nlungs,na
ndnheartnallnarenaffectednbynthisnchemicalnreaction.n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n822n
OBJ:nStatenthenprocessnofnthenneuralnandnchemicalnregulationnofnrespiration.nTOP:n
PlanningnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
3. Thennursenknowsnthatnthenprimarynfunctionnofnthenalveolinisnton
a. Carrynoutngasnexchange.n
b. Storenoxygen.n
c. Regulatentidalnvolume.n
d. Producenhemoglobin.n
ANS:nAn
Thenalveolusnisnancapillarynmembranenthatnallowsngasnexchangenofnoxygennandncarbonndioxidendu
ringnrespiration.nThenalveolindonnotnstorenoxygen,nregulatentidalnvolume,nornproducenhemoglobin.
n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n822n
OBJ:nDescribenthenstructurenandnfunctionnofnthencardiopulmonarynsystem.nTOP:
nKnowledgenMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
4. Thennursenknowsnthatnanemianwillnresultninn
a. Hypoxemia.n
b. Impairednventilation.n
c. Hypovolemia.n
d. Decreasednlungncompliance.n
ANS:nAn
Patientsnwhonarenanemicndonnotnhaventhensamenlevelnofnoxygen-
carryingncapacity.nAsnanresult,noxygennisnunablentonproperlynperfusenthentissues,nresultingninnhypo
xemia.nImpairednventilationnoccursnwhennoxygen/carbonndioxidenexchangenoccursnatnthenalveola
rnlevel.nHypovolemianisnrelatedntondecreasedncirculatingnbloodnvolume.nLungncompliancenisnrelat
edntonthenelasticitynofnthenlungntissue.n
n
DIF:nnnUnderstandnnnnREF:nnn822-823n
OBJ:nIdentifynthenclinicalnoutcomesnoccurringnasnanresultnofndisturbancesninnconduction,nalterednca
rdiacnoutput,nimpairednvalvularnfunction,nmyocardialnischemia,nandnimpairedntissuenperfusion.nTO
P:nAssessmentnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
TESTnBANKnFORnPILBEAM'SnMECHANICALnVENTILATION:nPHYSIOLOGICALnAND
nCLINICALnAPPLICATIONSn6THnEDITIONnBYnJ.M.nCAIROn
n
,Thisnevidence-
basedntestnbanknwalksnreadersnthroughnthenmostnfundamentalnandnadvancednconceptsnsurrou
ndingnmechanicalnventilationnandnguidesnthemninnproperlynapplyingnthesenprinciplesntonpatie
ntncare.nThisneditionnfeaturesnancompletelynrevisednchapternonnventilatorngraphics,nadditionaln
casenstudiesnandnclinicalnscenarios,nplusnallnthenreader-
friendlynfeaturesnthatnpromotencriticalnthinkingnandnclinicalnapplicationn—
nlikenkeynpoints,nAARCnclinicalnpracticenguidelines,nandncriticalncarenconceptsn—
nthatnhavenhelpednmakenthisntestnbanknanhouseholdnnamenamongnrespiratoryncarenprofessional
s.nn
n
TABLEnOFnCONTENTn
PartnI:nBasicnConceptsnandnCorenKnowledgeninnMechanicalnVentilationnn
1. OxygenationnandnAcid-BasenEvaluationnn
2. BasicnTermsnandnConceptsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
3. HownVentilatorsnWorknn
4. HownanBreathnIsnDeliveredn
n
PartnII:nInitiatingnVentilationnn
5. EstablishingnthenNeednfornMechanicalnVentilationnn
6. SelectingnthenVentilatornandnthenModenn
7. InitialnVentilatornSettingsnn
8. FinalnConsiderationsninnVentilatornSetupn
n
PartnIII:nMonitoringninnMechanicalnVentilationnn
9. InitialnPatientnAssessmentnn
10. VentilatornGraphicsnn
11. NoninvasivenMonitoringnofnMechanically-VentilatednPatientsnn
12. HemodynamicnMonitoringn
n
PartnIV:nTherapeuticnInterventionsn–nMakingnAppropriatenChangesnn
13. MethodsntonImprovenVentilationnandnOthernTechniquesninnPatient-VentilatornManagementnn
, 14. ImprovingnOxygenation,nReviewnofnARDS,nandnLungnRecruitmentnManeuversnn
15. FrequentlynUsednPharmacologicnAgentsninnVentilatednPatients:nSedatives,nAnalgesicsnandnParalyti
csn
n
PartnV:nEffectsnandnComplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
16. CardiovascularnandnOrgannSystemnEffectsnandnComplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
17. EffectsnofnPositivenPressurenVentilationnonnthenPulmonarynSystemnn
18. Problem-SolvingnandnTroubleshootingn
n
PartnVI:nNoninvasivenPositivenPressurenVentilationnn
19. BasicnConceptsnofnNoninvasivenPositivenPressurenVentilationn
n
PartnVII:nDiscontinuationnfromnVentilationnandnLong-TermnVentilationnn
20. WeaningnandnDiscontinuationnn
21. Long-TermnVentilation!n
n
PartnVIII:nSpecialnApplicationsnofnMechanicalnVentilationnn
22. NeonatalnandnPediatricnVentilationnn
23. SpecialnTechniquesninnVentilatorynSupportn
Chapter 1: Oxygenation an
n n n
d Acid-Base Evaluation
n n n
Test Bank n n n
n
MULTIPLEnCHOICEn
n
1. Thenstructurenthatnisnresponsiblenfornreturningnoxygenatednbloodntonthenheartnisnthena.nPulmonar
ynartery.n
b. Pulmonarynvein.n
c. Superiornvenancava.n
d. Inferiornvenancava.n
ANS:nBn
, Thenpulmonarynveinncarriesnoxygenatednbloodntonthenheart.nThenpulmonarynarteryncarriesndeoxyg
enatednbloodnfromnthenheartntonthenlungs.nBothnvenaencavaenreturnnbloodntonthenrightnatriumnofnthe
nheart.n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n823-824n
OBJ:nDescribenthenstructurenandnfunctionnofnthencardiopulmonarynsystem.nTOP:
nPlanningnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
2. Chemicalnreceptorsnthatnstimulateninspirationnarenlocatedninnthen
a. Brain.n
b. Lungs.n
c. Aorta.n
d. Heart.n
ANS:nCn
Chemicalnreceptorsninnthenaortansendnsignalsntonbeginntheninspirationnprocess.nThenbrain,nlungs,na
ndnheartnallnarenaffectednbynthisnchemicalnreaction.n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n822n
OBJ:nStatenthenprocessnofnthenneuralnandnchemicalnregulationnofnrespiration.nTOP:n
PlanningnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
3. Thennursenknowsnthatnthenprimarynfunctionnofnthenalveolinisnton
a. Carrynoutngasnexchange.n
b. Storenoxygen.n
c. Regulatentidalnvolume.n
d. Producenhemoglobin.n
ANS:nAn
Thenalveolusnisnancapillarynmembranenthatnallowsngasnexchangenofnoxygennandncarbonndioxidendu
ringnrespiration.nThenalveolindonnotnstorenoxygen,nregulatentidalnvolume,nornproducenhemoglobin.
n
n
DIF:nRemembern REF:n822n
OBJ:nDescribenthenstructurenandnfunctionnofnthencardiopulmonarynsystem.nTOP:
nKnowledgenMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
4. Thennursenknowsnthatnanemianwillnresultninn
a. Hypoxemia.n
b. Impairednventilation.n
c. Hypovolemia.n
d. Decreasednlungncompliance.n
ANS:nAn
Patientsnwhonarenanemicndonnotnhaventhensamenlevelnofnoxygen-
carryingncapacity.nAsnanresult,noxygennisnunablentonproperlynperfusenthentissues,nresultingninnhypo
xemia.nImpairednventilationnoccursnwhennoxygen/carbonndioxidenexchangenoccursnatnthenalveola
rnlevel.nHypovolemianisnrelatedntondecreasedncirculatingnbloodnvolume.nLungncompliancenisnrelat
edntonthenelasticitynofnthenlungntissue.n
n
DIF:nnnUnderstandnnnnREF:nnn822-823n
OBJ:nIdentifynthenclinicalnoutcomesnoccurringnasnanresultnofndisturbancesninnconduction,nalterednca
rdiacnoutput,nimpairednvalvularnfunction,nmyocardialnischemia,nandnimpairedntissuenperfusion.nTO
P:nAssessmentnMSC:nPhysiologicalnIntegrityn
n
