Evolve Elsevier HESI Medical-Surgical
Exam: 150 Authentic Questions with
Accurate Answers and Detailed
Rationales for 2024 (Latest Edition).
1. PDA is a cyanotic or acyanotic birth defect? Meaning?
Acyanotic, meaning blood is shunted from left to right
due to a structural defect (hole)
2. What is the most accurate indicator of fluid gain/loss? daily
weight measurements
nephrotic syndrome proteinuria
automimmune avoid playdate
susceptbility to infection
o Acetaminophen poisoning acetylcysteine (mucomsyt)
o Teething slight fever normal
o but if >3 days go to hospital
o Cephalexin (Keflex) Cephalosporin
o Do not give if penicillin allergy
o amniocentesis genetic and congenital defects in the fetus
o Best food for hypoglycemia peanut butter cracker
o complex carbs
o low dose dopaminerenal vasodilation
o increase in urine output
,3. Average height and weight of newborn 7-7 1/2 lbs
21 inches
4. PRECIPITIOUS DELIVERY This is a birth that occurs rapidly,
unexpectedly & without the attention of a physician or
nurse midwife.
ENSURE ADEQUATE AIRWAY!!
5. oxytocin (pitocin) infusion for induction of labor and FHR
drops sharply for 30 seconds these are variable
decelerations
turn pt on her left sdie
Barbituate withdrawal SEIZURE RISK!
6. Pronounced muscle twitching is a bad sign
Epoetin alfa for a pt w CKD who is anemic and refuses
blood transfusion
7. Stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow to increase
circulating erythrocytes (red blood cells)
8. Aspirin toxicityCan affect cranial nerve 8 and cause tinnitus
confusion
GI upset
TB induration
Normal QRS complex 0.04-0.12 seconds
Normal T wave 0.16 sec
Normal PR interval 0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal QT interval Less than 0.43
, Normal PTT 60-70 sec
hallmark sign of acute pancreatitis severe abdominal pain
9. MODS includes the immediate consequences
posttraumatic pulmonary failure, thermal injuries,
acute tubular necrosis, or invasive infection
10. cardiac cirrhosis From long-standing severe right-
sided heart failure
11. peripheral edema
12. A1C level 7% or less
13. pertussis high contagious, droplet precautions
14. Impetigo bacterial skin infection characterized by
isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
15. after 24hr of abx no longer contagious
16. Causes of high pressure alarm 1. kink
17. 2. water evaportation
18. 3. secretions in airway
19. 4. before suctioning cough, turn, deep breath!
20. Causes of low pressure alarm -disconnection of main
tubing
21. -disconnection of O2 detector tubing
22. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Rocker-bottom feet
23. Micrognathia
Exam: 150 Authentic Questions with
Accurate Answers and Detailed
Rationales for 2024 (Latest Edition).
1. PDA is a cyanotic or acyanotic birth defect? Meaning?
Acyanotic, meaning blood is shunted from left to right
due to a structural defect (hole)
2. What is the most accurate indicator of fluid gain/loss? daily
weight measurements
nephrotic syndrome proteinuria
automimmune avoid playdate
susceptbility to infection
o Acetaminophen poisoning acetylcysteine (mucomsyt)
o Teething slight fever normal
o but if >3 days go to hospital
o Cephalexin (Keflex) Cephalosporin
o Do not give if penicillin allergy
o amniocentesis genetic and congenital defects in the fetus
o Best food for hypoglycemia peanut butter cracker
o complex carbs
o low dose dopaminerenal vasodilation
o increase in urine output
,3. Average height and weight of newborn 7-7 1/2 lbs
21 inches
4. PRECIPITIOUS DELIVERY This is a birth that occurs rapidly,
unexpectedly & without the attention of a physician or
nurse midwife.
ENSURE ADEQUATE AIRWAY!!
5. oxytocin (pitocin) infusion for induction of labor and FHR
drops sharply for 30 seconds these are variable
decelerations
turn pt on her left sdie
Barbituate withdrawal SEIZURE RISK!
6. Pronounced muscle twitching is a bad sign
Epoetin alfa for a pt w CKD who is anemic and refuses
blood transfusion
7. Stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow to increase
circulating erythrocytes (red blood cells)
8. Aspirin toxicityCan affect cranial nerve 8 and cause tinnitus
confusion
GI upset
TB induration
Normal QRS complex 0.04-0.12 seconds
Normal T wave 0.16 sec
Normal PR interval 0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal QT interval Less than 0.43
, Normal PTT 60-70 sec
hallmark sign of acute pancreatitis severe abdominal pain
9. MODS includes the immediate consequences
posttraumatic pulmonary failure, thermal injuries,
acute tubular necrosis, or invasive infection
10. cardiac cirrhosis From long-standing severe right-
sided heart failure
11. peripheral edema
12. A1C level 7% or less
13. pertussis high contagious, droplet precautions
14. Impetigo bacterial skin infection characterized by
isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
15. after 24hr of abx no longer contagious
16. Causes of high pressure alarm 1. kink
17. 2. water evaportation
18. 3. secretions in airway
19. 4. before suctioning cough, turn, deep breath!
20. Causes of low pressure alarm -disconnection of main
tubing
21. -disconnection of O2 detector tubing
22. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Rocker-bottom feet
23. Micrognathia
