Exam 1: NR 283 Exam 1
In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what? - ANSWER:Failure of
homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease? - ANSWER:Huntington's disease
What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease? - ANSWER:Cystic fibrosis
What is an example of an X-linked condition? - ANSWER:Red - green color blindness
What is an example of multifactorial inheritance? - ANSWER:Pyloric stenosis
Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following system is consistent with systemic
manifestations of cellular injury during a myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT) - ANSWER:A. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
E. increased HR
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase
The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process includes which changes that occur as part of
the normal aging process? (select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
, C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
F. Increased formation of autoantibodies - ANSWER:A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of
the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease? - ANSWER:Pathogens can
be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing or sneezing,
vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to protect us from
infection? - ANSWER:There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms
If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at least when it is in
a controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated with
inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically
cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the response is being initiated? -
ANSWER:It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma,
plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the blood vessels to the injury.
It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the
pathogens and enhances the healing process.
What causes redness at the site of inflammation? - ANSWER:Vasodilation of arterioles from the
histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs? - ANSWER:Neutrophils, monocytes,
oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels? - ANSWER:Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where the site of the
infection is present? - ANSWER:The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the
site of the infection
What does phagocytosis do at the site? - ANSWER:Digests the foreign substances cellular debris
Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury? - ANSWER:Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off
the injured area, taking the foreign substances to make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing
When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors? - ANSWER:Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature? - ANSWER:Pyrogens are released by
macrophages when exposed to bacteria
In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what? - ANSWER:Failure of
homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease? - ANSWER:Huntington's disease
What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease? - ANSWER:Cystic fibrosis
What is an example of an X-linked condition? - ANSWER:Red - green color blindness
What is an example of multifactorial inheritance? - ANSWER:Pyloric stenosis
Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following system is consistent with systemic
manifestations of cellular injury during a myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT) - ANSWER:A. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
E. increased HR
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase
The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process includes which changes that occur as part of
the normal aging process? (select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
, C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
F. Increased formation of autoantibodies - ANSWER:A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of
the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease? - ANSWER:Pathogens can
be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing or sneezing,
vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to protect us from
infection? - ANSWER:There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms
If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at least when it is in
a controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated with
inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically
cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the response is being initiated? -
ANSWER:It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma,
plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the blood vessels to the injury.
It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the
pathogens and enhances the healing process.
What causes redness at the site of inflammation? - ANSWER:Vasodilation of arterioles from the
histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs? - ANSWER:Neutrophils, monocytes,
oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels? - ANSWER:Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where the site of the
infection is present? - ANSWER:The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the
site of the infection
What does phagocytosis do at the site? - ANSWER:Digests the foreign substances cellular debris
Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury? - ANSWER:Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off
the injured area, taking the foreign substances to make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing
When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors? - ANSWER:Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature? - ANSWER:Pyrogens are released by
macrophages when exposed to bacteria
