Exam 3)NUR 426 Exam 3: 100% Verified Questions & Answers
healthcare systems operate as ________ (open/closed) systems meaning they constantly react to
internal and external forces around them - ANSWER:open
examples of external forces - ANSWER:economy
hiring freeze
populations seeing more of (ex baby boomers)
increased violence
no insurance - ED primary care
evidence based practice
pandemic
internal forces - ANSWER:ration supplies
complex illnesses
demanding patients
drug and alcohol abuse
super bugs
chronic illness
1st order, linear changes are ___________ (planned/unplanned) and 2nd order, nonlinear changes are
__________ (planned/unplanned) - ANSWER:planned, unplanned
what kind of change is used when the steps are smaller and less complex, environment is stable, led by a
change agent - ANSWER:planned (1st order)
what 5 functions are used in all models of planned change - ANSWER:planning
organization
implementation
evaluating
seeking feedback
Highlights that at any moment there are forces for and against change. This model identifies how change
may be brought about. - ANSWER:Lewin's Force Field Analysis
3 phases in Lewin's force field analysis - ANSWER:unfreezing
moving
,refreezing
in Lewin's force field analysis, driving forces, or __________, must exceed restraining forces, or
__________, for change to occur - ANSWER:facilitators, barriers
what are two nonlinear models of change - ANSWER:complexity theory
chaos theory
which theory is this? views change as ongoing, systems continually change and realign themselves -
ANSWER:complexity theory
what thoery is this? views universe as chaotic, organizations need to adapt to survive, change is
inevitable and unrelenting - ANSWER:chaos theory
organizations that embrace this constant change are known as ______________ organizations -
ANSWER:learning organizations
what are some ways the leader can be an effective change agent? - ANSWER:attitude of service
be a role model
involve others
motivate (reward successes)
communicate
build trust
why is there resistance to change? - ANSWER:emotional reaction similar to grieving
resistance is natural and common
different assessment of a situation
desire to protect the status quo
perceived losses with change
implied criticism
when you accept the change - ANSWER:roger's diffusion of innovation theory
strategies to facilitate change in times of resistance - ANSWER:communication
support and training
involvement
cooptation
coercion (last resort)
, non-judgemental, non-confrontational counseling approach that moves clients past ambivalence and
engages clients' intrinsic motivation. Helps clients to see potential results of behaviors and envisions a
brettter future. warm, genuine empathy is needed - ANSWER:motivational interviewing
4 general principles of motivational interviewing - ANSWER:express empathy
develop discrepancy (desire vs reality)
roll with resistance
support self-efficacy
how can you express empathy in motivational interviewing - ANSWER:see world through their eyes
question to ask to develop discrepancy in MI - ANSWER:what would you like to see change
how can you roll with resistance in MI - ANSWER:explore ways to overcome
what should you avoid in MI that is replaced with self efficacy - ANSWER:not persuasion
what are teh stages of change according to prochaska and Diclemente - ANSWER:precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse
describe the difference between normative and descriptive models of decision making -
ANSWER:normative: objective and routine, follow policy
descriptive: subjective
describe the difference between satisficing and optimizng models of decision making -
ANSWER:satisficing: choosing best decision for the moment
optimizing: ideal solution for long term
what are some internal factors that affect decision making - ANSWER:physical, emotional state
philosophy
what are some external factors that affect decision making - ANSWER:environmental conditions, noise,
time, hunger
what is this called? use when options are known and number of good alternatives are available -
ANSWER:decision grids
what is this called? strengths weaknesses opportunities, threats - ANSWER:SWOT analysis
advantages of group decision making - ANSWER:more ideas generated
healthcare systems operate as ________ (open/closed) systems meaning they constantly react to
internal and external forces around them - ANSWER:open
examples of external forces - ANSWER:economy
hiring freeze
populations seeing more of (ex baby boomers)
increased violence
no insurance - ED primary care
evidence based practice
pandemic
internal forces - ANSWER:ration supplies
complex illnesses
demanding patients
drug and alcohol abuse
super bugs
chronic illness
1st order, linear changes are ___________ (planned/unplanned) and 2nd order, nonlinear changes are
__________ (planned/unplanned) - ANSWER:planned, unplanned
what kind of change is used when the steps are smaller and less complex, environment is stable, led by a
change agent - ANSWER:planned (1st order)
what 5 functions are used in all models of planned change - ANSWER:planning
organization
implementation
evaluating
seeking feedback
Highlights that at any moment there are forces for and against change. This model identifies how change
may be brought about. - ANSWER:Lewin's Force Field Analysis
3 phases in Lewin's force field analysis - ANSWER:unfreezing
moving
,refreezing
in Lewin's force field analysis, driving forces, or __________, must exceed restraining forces, or
__________, for change to occur - ANSWER:facilitators, barriers
what are two nonlinear models of change - ANSWER:complexity theory
chaos theory
which theory is this? views change as ongoing, systems continually change and realign themselves -
ANSWER:complexity theory
what thoery is this? views universe as chaotic, organizations need to adapt to survive, change is
inevitable and unrelenting - ANSWER:chaos theory
organizations that embrace this constant change are known as ______________ organizations -
ANSWER:learning organizations
what are some ways the leader can be an effective change agent? - ANSWER:attitude of service
be a role model
involve others
motivate (reward successes)
communicate
build trust
why is there resistance to change? - ANSWER:emotional reaction similar to grieving
resistance is natural and common
different assessment of a situation
desire to protect the status quo
perceived losses with change
implied criticism
when you accept the change - ANSWER:roger's diffusion of innovation theory
strategies to facilitate change in times of resistance - ANSWER:communication
support and training
involvement
cooptation
coercion (last resort)
, non-judgemental, non-confrontational counseling approach that moves clients past ambivalence and
engages clients' intrinsic motivation. Helps clients to see potential results of behaviors and envisions a
brettter future. warm, genuine empathy is needed - ANSWER:motivational interviewing
4 general principles of motivational interviewing - ANSWER:express empathy
develop discrepancy (desire vs reality)
roll with resistance
support self-efficacy
how can you express empathy in motivational interviewing - ANSWER:see world through their eyes
question to ask to develop discrepancy in MI - ANSWER:what would you like to see change
how can you roll with resistance in MI - ANSWER:explore ways to overcome
what should you avoid in MI that is replaced with self efficacy - ANSWER:not persuasion
what are teh stages of change according to prochaska and Diclemente - ANSWER:precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse
describe the difference between normative and descriptive models of decision making -
ANSWER:normative: objective and routine, follow policy
descriptive: subjective
describe the difference between satisficing and optimizng models of decision making -
ANSWER:satisficing: choosing best decision for the moment
optimizing: ideal solution for long term
what are some internal factors that affect decision making - ANSWER:physical, emotional state
philosophy
what are some external factors that affect decision making - ANSWER:environmental conditions, noise,
time, hunger
what is this called? use when options are known and number of good alternatives are available -
ANSWER:decision grids
what is this called? strengths weaknesses opportunities, threats - ANSWER:SWOT analysis
advantages of group decision making - ANSWER:more ideas generated
