BME 235 Midterm 2
questions with 100%
correct answers(100%
accuracy)
Describe the flow of blood through the heart? - answer Deoxygenated
blood ->superior and inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -
> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary arteries ->
lungs -> oxygenated blood -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid
(mitrial) valve -> left ventricle -> aorta
Action potential in cardiac muscle - answer goes from -85 mV resting
potential to +20 mV during each beat
Duration of atrial contraction - answer 0.2 seconds
Duration of ventricular contraction - answer 0.3 seconds
What is the difference between Diastole/Systole - answer Diastole: period
of relaxation, heart fills with blood
Systole: period of contraction
heart spike (depolarization) - answer initial depolarization caused by fast
Na+ channels
heart initial repolarization - answer fast Na+ channels close, and K+ ions
leave cell through channesl
,heart plateau - answer L-type Ca2+ - Na+ channels open adn 5-fold
decrease in K+ ion permeability keeping the membrane remains
depolarized for 0.2 seconds
heart rapid repolarization - answer after L-type Ca2+ - Na+ channels close
the permeability of K+ ions increases rapidly and K+ ions can bring the
membrane potential back to the resting potential
What are the different parts of the electrocardiogram - answer P wave
GRS wave
T wave
What are the different atrioventricular valves: - answer A-V valves:
prevent backflow from ventricles to atria
Semilunar valves: prevent backflow from aorta
Papillary muscles: hold the shape of the A-V valves
Aortic and pulmonary artery semilunar valves: causes the semilunar
valves to close
P wave - answer precedes atrial contraction
QRS complex - answer precedes ventricular contraction
T wave - answer ventricles remain contracted until the end of the T
repolarization wave
P-R interval - answer beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of
ventricular excitation
Q-T interval - answer time of ventricular contraction
R-R interval - answer reciprocal of the time interval between each
heartbeat
, Einthoven's triangle - answer Three bipolar limb leads roughly form an
equilateral triangle (with the heart at the center)
Einthoven's Law - answer electrical potential of any limb equals the sum of
the other two (+ and - signs of leads must be observed)
Left axis deviation - answer hypertension which forced the left ventricle to
pump harder to pump blood into the aorta that has a higher than normal
pressure
Right axis deviation - answer hypertension which forces the right ventricle
to pump harder to pump blood into the aorta that has a higher than
normal pressure
Left bundle branch blockage - answer left bundle branch block causes a
left axis shift but not always
Right bundle branch blockage - answer bundle branch block-right bundle
branch block causes a right axis shift
Current of injury.. and three main causes - answer Damanged cardiac
muscle remains partially or totally depolarized all the time
local ischemia, mechanical trauma, infection
J-point - answer junction between the termination of the QRS complex and
the beginning of the ST-segment
Tachycardia - answer Fast heart rate
exercise, increased temperature
Bradycardia - answer slow heart rate
questions with 100%
correct answers(100%
accuracy)
Describe the flow of blood through the heart? - answer Deoxygenated
blood ->superior and inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -
> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary arteries ->
lungs -> oxygenated blood -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid
(mitrial) valve -> left ventricle -> aorta
Action potential in cardiac muscle - answer goes from -85 mV resting
potential to +20 mV during each beat
Duration of atrial contraction - answer 0.2 seconds
Duration of ventricular contraction - answer 0.3 seconds
What is the difference between Diastole/Systole - answer Diastole: period
of relaxation, heart fills with blood
Systole: period of contraction
heart spike (depolarization) - answer initial depolarization caused by fast
Na+ channels
heart initial repolarization - answer fast Na+ channels close, and K+ ions
leave cell through channesl
,heart plateau - answer L-type Ca2+ - Na+ channels open adn 5-fold
decrease in K+ ion permeability keeping the membrane remains
depolarized for 0.2 seconds
heart rapid repolarization - answer after L-type Ca2+ - Na+ channels close
the permeability of K+ ions increases rapidly and K+ ions can bring the
membrane potential back to the resting potential
What are the different parts of the electrocardiogram - answer P wave
GRS wave
T wave
What are the different atrioventricular valves: - answer A-V valves:
prevent backflow from ventricles to atria
Semilunar valves: prevent backflow from aorta
Papillary muscles: hold the shape of the A-V valves
Aortic and pulmonary artery semilunar valves: causes the semilunar
valves to close
P wave - answer precedes atrial contraction
QRS complex - answer precedes ventricular contraction
T wave - answer ventricles remain contracted until the end of the T
repolarization wave
P-R interval - answer beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of
ventricular excitation
Q-T interval - answer time of ventricular contraction
R-R interval - answer reciprocal of the time interval between each
heartbeat
, Einthoven's triangle - answer Three bipolar limb leads roughly form an
equilateral triangle (with the heart at the center)
Einthoven's Law - answer electrical potential of any limb equals the sum of
the other two (+ and - signs of leads must be observed)
Left axis deviation - answer hypertension which forced the left ventricle to
pump harder to pump blood into the aorta that has a higher than normal
pressure
Right axis deviation - answer hypertension which forces the right ventricle
to pump harder to pump blood into the aorta that has a higher than
normal pressure
Left bundle branch blockage - answer left bundle branch block causes a
left axis shift but not always
Right bundle branch blockage - answer bundle branch block-right bundle
branch block causes a right axis shift
Current of injury.. and three main causes - answer Damanged cardiac
muscle remains partially or totally depolarized all the time
local ischemia, mechanical trauma, infection
J-point - answer junction between the termination of the QRS complex and
the beginning of the ST-segment
Tachycardia - answer Fast heart rate
exercise, increased temperature
Bradycardia - answer slow heart rate
