Nurs 350 Pharm final exam Study Guide.

©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 | P a g e Nurs 350 Pharm final exam Study Guide. Antihypertensive Ace Inhibitors - answerdecreases vasoconstriction Anti-hyperlipidemic Simvastatin - answertake medication in evening, (on the basis of physiological studies which show that most cholesterol is synthesized when dietary intake is at its lowest) *monitor blood work for liver failure every 2 months Diuretics: Thiazide - answerencourage foods with potassium Diuretics: Furosemide (Lasix) - answerused to treat fluid retention Propranolol (Inderal) - answer•Propranolol has many side effects, partly because of its nonselective response in blocking both beta1 and beta2 receptors. •Instruct the diabetic patient to continue checking their blood sugar, as they may not show signs of hypoglycemia •Beta-blocker, treats hypertension Digoxin (Lanoxin) - answer•Cardiac glycoside - monitor for bradycardia (always check pt's heart rate) •Hold for heart rate of 60 or less •narrow therapeutic index ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 | P a g e •Monitor for signs of Dig toxicity- •Nausea, drowsiness, photophobia, seeing halos around bright lights Heparin injections (SQ) - answer•Subcutaneous injection site should be rotated as you can develop pain full bruising •Evaluate PTT and APTT values prior to administering •Used to treat and prevent blood clots Warfarin (Coumadin) - answer•Limit intake of foods high in vitamin K (anticoagulant antagonists) •Tea, turnips, cabbage, broccoli •Monitor medications with PT/INR levels •Anticoagulation used for patients with mechanical valves and atrial fibrillation Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) - answer•Used to treat burns •Topical cream •Expected adverse reaction- itching/burning sensation with application Topical Glucocorticoids - answer•Used for dermatologic disorders •Local side effects include burning, pruritus, edema, peeling, dryness, and erythema. Systemic side effects usually occur due to over application and include hypercalcemia and suppression of parathyroid hormone. •Patient education: apply thin film and gently rub into affected area Tretinoin (Retin-A) - answer•Topical retinoid ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 | P a g e •For mild to moderate acne. • Retinoids should not be used before or after extended sun exposure or sunburn because they can increase the risk of sunburn and intensify existing sunburn. •Important to instruct patient to use sunscreen when using this product Pilocarpine (Pilocar) - answer•Direct acting cholinergic agonist that constricts the pupils of the eyes, thus opening the Schlemm canal to promote drainage of aqueous humor (fluid). •used to treat glaucoma by relieving (intraocular) fluid pressure A drug goes through several half-lives before complete elimination occurs, and drug half-life is used to determine dosing interval. - answer•Example: Ibuprofen has a half-life of about 2 hours. If a person takes 200 mg, in 2 hours, 50% of the drug will be gone, leaving 100 mg. Two hours later, another 50% of the drug will be gone, this time leaving 50 mg; in another 2 hours, 50% more will be gone, so only 25 mg will remain. This process continues such that 10 hours after 200 mg of ibuprofen has been taken, if no additional doses are administered, 6.25 mg of the drug remains. •KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE HALF-LIFE Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics - answer•Ability to cross cell membrane = how drug moves throughout body first pass effect - answerconcentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. (example- Following absorption of oral drugs from the GI tract, they pass from the intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein. In the liver, some drugs are metabolized to an inactive form and are excreted, thus reducing the amount of active drug available to exert a pharmacologic effect. ) affinity - answerhow avidly a drug binds (is attracted to) its receptor or how the chemical forces that cause a substance to bind its receptor. Selectivity - answerrefers to a drug's ability to preferentially produce a particular effect and is related to the structural specificity of drug binding to receptors.