UMICH Anthrcul 101 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
Greek roots of "anthropology" - Answer"Anthropos" which translates to "humankind" and
"logos" which translates to "study"
/.Holism - AnswerThe anthropological commitment to consider the full scope of human
life, including culture, biology, history, and language, across space and time.
/.Familiarization - AnswerMaking the strange familiar. We engage in familiarization to
gain knowledge or better understanding of facets of cultural life, customs, and patterns
you might not be familiar with already
/.Defamiliarization - Answermaking the familiar strange. Defamiliarization helps us to
look for fresh perspectives on things we might otherwise take for granted or see as a
given.
/.4 Subfields of Anthropology - Answer1.) Archaeological
2.) Biological
3.) Linguistic
4.) Socioculutural
/.Zhang Qian, Herodotus, and Ibn Battuta - AnswerTravelers and scholars from (Han
Dynasty, Persia, and Berber) who traveled extensively and kept notes of their journeys
in the forms of early ethnography. Took notes on the people and religions they saw.
/.Ethnography - AnswerType of writing about people based on fieldwork in a particular
cultural setting
/.Anthropological Archaeology - Answerreconstructs, describes, and interprets human
behavior and cultural patterns through material remains
/.Biological Anthropology - Answerthe study of human biological diversity through time
and as it exists in the world today. Includes biological evolution through fossil records,
genetics, growth & development, etc.
/.Linguistic Anthropology - AnswerStudies language in its social and cultural context,
throughout the world and over time. Some try identifying universal traits of language
while others try to reconstruct ancient languages.
/.Sociocultural Anthropology - AnswerThe study of human society and culture, is the sub
field that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and
differences
/.Origins of Anthropology - AnswerAnthropology begins in the "Age of Enlightenment in
18th Century Europe, where early anthropologists attempt to describe immutable laws
, of society. This was to effectively rank societies and groups and push some groups up
while discriminating against other groups by labeling them as uncivilized. Anthropology
began as a product of European colonialism and most anthropological studies in the
19th century took place under European colonial domination.
/.Colonialism - Answerthe political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a
territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
/.Differences between 19th century anthropology and contemporary anthropology. -
Answer19th Century Anthropology: aimed to find laws, social evolution, and progress
towards society; Mostly based on reports from "Gentlemen Scholars" or missionaries
and barely based on direct field research and actually talking to people in the groups
being studied. Europeans mostly regarded their cultural back group as the correct one
and failed at trying to understand other cultures.
Contemporary Anthropology: Works to appreciate breadth of human display not to
exploit it; No more classification as uncivilized or civilized; driven by idea of cultural
relativism (i.e evaluating behavior not by outside standards but in the context of its own
culuture); No more "armchair anthropologists"
/.Things we used to think made us human but primates do them a lot - Answer1.) Tool
use
2.) ability to plan ahead
3.)ability to translate technological expertise
4.)Basic cognition
5.)bipedality
/.Intersubjectivity - AnswerThe capacity and eagerness to share in the emotional states
and experiences of other individuals
/.Pro social Impulses - AnswerTendencies to voluntarily do things that benefit others
/.Ultra-Sociality - AnswerBeyond the kinds of socialite all primates share this human
quality is an eagerness to collaborate even with non-kin and strangers.
Allows us to design multifaceted plans and goals and collaborate in large groups.
Examples include the shrek rave and rituals at Michigan basketball games.
/.Sarah Blaffer Hardy Plane Example - AnswerExample of intersubjectivity and ultra-
sociality, considers the fact that humans are the only species who can get on an
airplane together and travel for long distances without fighting. Considers what would
happen if apes did something similar—chaos.
/.6 Characteristics of Culuture - Answer1.) Culture is learned
2.) Culture is shared
3.)Culture is symbolic
Greek roots of "anthropology" - Answer"Anthropos" which translates to "humankind" and
"logos" which translates to "study"
/.Holism - AnswerThe anthropological commitment to consider the full scope of human
life, including culture, biology, history, and language, across space and time.
/.Familiarization - AnswerMaking the strange familiar. We engage in familiarization to
gain knowledge or better understanding of facets of cultural life, customs, and patterns
you might not be familiar with already
/.Defamiliarization - Answermaking the familiar strange. Defamiliarization helps us to
look for fresh perspectives on things we might otherwise take for granted or see as a
given.
/.4 Subfields of Anthropology - Answer1.) Archaeological
2.) Biological
3.) Linguistic
4.) Socioculutural
/.Zhang Qian, Herodotus, and Ibn Battuta - AnswerTravelers and scholars from (Han
Dynasty, Persia, and Berber) who traveled extensively and kept notes of their journeys
in the forms of early ethnography. Took notes on the people and religions they saw.
/.Ethnography - AnswerType of writing about people based on fieldwork in a particular
cultural setting
/.Anthropological Archaeology - Answerreconstructs, describes, and interprets human
behavior and cultural patterns through material remains
/.Biological Anthropology - Answerthe study of human biological diversity through time
and as it exists in the world today. Includes biological evolution through fossil records,
genetics, growth & development, etc.
/.Linguistic Anthropology - AnswerStudies language in its social and cultural context,
throughout the world and over time. Some try identifying universal traits of language
while others try to reconstruct ancient languages.
/.Sociocultural Anthropology - AnswerThe study of human society and culture, is the sub
field that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and
differences
/.Origins of Anthropology - AnswerAnthropology begins in the "Age of Enlightenment in
18th Century Europe, where early anthropologists attempt to describe immutable laws
, of society. This was to effectively rank societies and groups and push some groups up
while discriminating against other groups by labeling them as uncivilized. Anthropology
began as a product of European colonialism and most anthropological studies in the
19th century took place under European colonial domination.
/.Colonialism - Answerthe political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a
territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
/.Differences between 19th century anthropology and contemporary anthropology. -
Answer19th Century Anthropology: aimed to find laws, social evolution, and progress
towards society; Mostly based on reports from "Gentlemen Scholars" or missionaries
and barely based on direct field research and actually talking to people in the groups
being studied. Europeans mostly regarded their cultural back group as the correct one
and failed at trying to understand other cultures.
Contemporary Anthropology: Works to appreciate breadth of human display not to
exploit it; No more classification as uncivilized or civilized; driven by idea of cultural
relativism (i.e evaluating behavior not by outside standards but in the context of its own
culuture); No more "armchair anthropologists"
/.Things we used to think made us human but primates do them a lot - Answer1.) Tool
use
2.) ability to plan ahead
3.)ability to translate technological expertise
4.)Basic cognition
5.)bipedality
/.Intersubjectivity - AnswerThe capacity and eagerness to share in the emotional states
and experiences of other individuals
/.Pro social Impulses - AnswerTendencies to voluntarily do things that benefit others
/.Ultra-Sociality - AnswerBeyond the kinds of socialite all primates share this human
quality is an eagerness to collaborate even with non-kin and strangers.
Allows us to design multifaceted plans and goals and collaborate in large groups.
Examples include the shrek rave and rituals at Michigan basketball games.
/.Sarah Blaffer Hardy Plane Example - AnswerExample of intersubjectivity and ultra-
sociality, considers the fact that humans are the only species who can get on an
airplane together and travel for long distances without fighting. Considers what would
happen if apes did something similar—chaos.
/.6 Characteristics of Culuture - Answer1.) Culture is learned
2.) Culture is shared
3.)Culture is symbolic
