(UF) OTH 3416 (Pathophysiology) Latest Finals Review Q & S 2024.

OTH 3416




Pathophysiology




LATEST FINALS REVIEW
Q&S




©2024/2025

,1. Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for
cellular injury in ischemic conditions?
a) Apoptosis
b) Necrosis
c) Autophagy
d) Hypertrophy


ANS: b) Necrosis


2. In chronic heart failure, which mechanism primarily contributes
to fluid retention?
a) Increased renal perfusion
b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
c) Enhanced sympathetic nervous activity
d) Decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion


ANS: b) Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system



©2024/2025

, 3. The development of diabetic neuropathy is primarily due to:
a) Increased insulin sensitivity
b) Decreased glucose levels
c) Microvascular damage
d) Hyperlipidemia


ANS: c) Microvascular damage


4. In the context of systemic inflammatory response syndrome
(SIRS), which cytokine is considered a critical mediator?
a) Interleukin-2
b) Interleukin-6
c) Interleukin-4
d) Interleukin-10


ANS: b) Interleukin-6


5. Which of the following is a common complication of chronic
renal failure?
a) Hypercalcemia
b) Hypokalemia
©2024/2025