NURS 100 FUNDAMENTALS WEEK 1 STUDY GUIDE -
WCU
iSBAR: Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Request
Chapter 10 Medical and Surgical Asepsis
Medical asepsis: refers to precise practices to reduce number, growth and spread of
microorganisms. “Clean-Technique”
Surgical Asepsis: refers to use of precise practice to eliminate all microorganisms. From object
or area and prevent contamination. “Sterile-Technique”
Hand Hygiene
- Soap, Running water, friction
- Least 15 sec
- 3-5mL
Practices that Maintain a Sterile Field
- Only sterile items may be in sterile field
- Discard object that comes into contact with the 1-inch border
- Touch sterile materials w/ sterile gloves
- Any object below waist or above chest contaminated
- Contact with non sterile materials any time contaminates sterile area
- Any sterile, non-waterproof wrapper comes in contact with moisture becomes
non-sterile.
- Set up field first then apply sterile gloves. (top flap away 1st -> sides (right hand right
flap) -> turn last flap down
- Hold items to add to field 6 inches above then drop
- Sterile solution : cap face up, pour small amt in receptacle, then pour onto dressing or
site)
Chapter 11 Infection Control
Prions: protein particles
Virulence: ability of pathogen to invade and injure a host
Herpes Zoster: common viral infection erupts years after exposure to chickenpox, invades nerve
tract
Native immunity: restricts entry or immediately responds to an antigen through activation of
phagocytic cells, complement, and inflammation regardless of previous exposure
Passive:Antibodies are produced by an external source.
, - Temporary immunity
- Intact skin
- Mucous membranes
Specific adaptive immunity: allows body to make antibodies in response to antigen
Active: Antibodies are produced in response to antigen.
- Permanent immunity
- B and T lymphocytes
- Immunoglobulins.
1. Incubation: entered body to first sign
2. Prodromal: General signs ex. Weakness
3. Illness: Specific signs
4. Convalescence: recovery stage.
Chain of infection
- Causative agent : bacteria, virus, fungus, etc.
- Reservoir: human, animal, food, water, soil, etc.
- Portal of exit: host leaves
- Respiratory (droplet, airborne)
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- Genitourinary tract
- Skin/mucous membranes: varicella
- Blood/body fluids: HIV & Hep.
- Transplacental
- Droplet: sneezing, coughing, talking
- Airborne: sneezing and coughing.
- Vector borne: animals/insects
- Portal of entry: may be same as exit
- Susceptible host: compromised defense mechanisms.
Standard Precautions (tier one)
- All body fluids except sweat.
- Hand hygiene
- PPE
Transmission precautions (tier two)
- Airborne: protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg (measles, varicella,
pulmonary or laryngeal TB.)
- Private room
- N95
- Negative pressure airflow
- Droplet: protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft. from client (strept,
pneumonia, flu, rubella, etc.)
- Contact: protect visitors
WCU
iSBAR: Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Request
Chapter 10 Medical and Surgical Asepsis
Medical asepsis: refers to precise practices to reduce number, growth and spread of
microorganisms. “Clean-Technique”
Surgical Asepsis: refers to use of precise practice to eliminate all microorganisms. From object
or area and prevent contamination. “Sterile-Technique”
Hand Hygiene
- Soap, Running water, friction
- Least 15 sec
- 3-5mL
Practices that Maintain a Sterile Field
- Only sterile items may be in sterile field
- Discard object that comes into contact with the 1-inch border
- Touch sterile materials w/ sterile gloves
- Any object below waist or above chest contaminated
- Contact with non sterile materials any time contaminates sterile area
- Any sterile, non-waterproof wrapper comes in contact with moisture becomes
non-sterile.
- Set up field first then apply sterile gloves. (top flap away 1st -> sides (right hand right
flap) -> turn last flap down
- Hold items to add to field 6 inches above then drop
- Sterile solution : cap face up, pour small amt in receptacle, then pour onto dressing or
site)
Chapter 11 Infection Control
Prions: protein particles
Virulence: ability of pathogen to invade and injure a host
Herpes Zoster: common viral infection erupts years after exposure to chickenpox, invades nerve
tract
Native immunity: restricts entry or immediately responds to an antigen through activation of
phagocytic cells, complement, and inflammation regardless of previous exposure
Passive:Antibodies are produced by an external source.
, - Temporary immunity
- Intact skin
- Mucous membranes
Specific adaptive immunity: allows body to make antibodies in response to antigen
Active: Antibodies are produced in response to antigen.
- Permanent immunity
- B and T lymphocytes
- Immunoglobulins.
1. Incubation: entered body to first sign
2. Prodromal: General signs ex. Weakness
3. Illness: Specific signs
4. Convalescence: recovery stage.
Chain of infection
- Causative agent : bacteria, virus, fungus, etc.
- Reservoir: human, animal, food, water, soil, etc.
- Portal of exit: host leaves
- Respiratory (droplet, airborne)
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- Genitourinary tract
- Skin/mucous membranes: varicella
- Blood/body fluids: HIV & Hep.
- Transplacental
- Droplet: sneezing, coughing, talking
- Airborne: sneezing and coughing.
- Vector borne: animals/insects
- Portal of entry: may be same as exit
- Susceptible host: compromised defense mechanisms.
Standard Precautions (tier one)
- All body fluids except sweat.
- Hand hygiene
- PPE
Transmission precautions (tier two)
- Airborne: protect against droplet infections smaller than 5 mcg (measles, varicella,
pulmonary or laryngeal TB.)
- Private room
- N95
- Negative pressure airflow
- Droplet: protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg and travel 3 to 6 ft. from client (strept,
pneumonia, flu, rubella, etc.)
- Contact: protect visitors
