IGCSE Chemistry With
Guaranteed Success After
Study 2024/2025
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
,The addition of water to anhydrous copper sulfate can be used to test for the presence of water.
The reaction is reversible. What is the word equation? Describe the color change.
anhydrous copper sulfate (white) + water <-> hydrated copper sulfate (blue)
After adding nitric acid and silver nitrate to a solution containing iodide ions, what color
precipitate is formed?
A yellow precipitate (of silver iodide) is formed.
Ammonia and hydrogen chloride react together in a reversible reaction to produce a white solid.
What are the word and symbol equations?
ammonia + hydrogen chloride <-> ammonium chloride NH₃ + HCl <-> NH₄Cl
Are carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide acidic or basic?
Acidic as carbon and sulphur are non-metals
Are carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide acidic or basic?
Acidic as carbon and sulphur are non-metals
Are metal oxides acidic or basic?
Basic
Are metal oxides acidic or basic?
Basic
Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?
Acidic
Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?
Acidic
Balance the equation for the reaction: ___ HCl(aq) + ___ MnO₂(s) -> ___MnCl₂(aq) +
___H₂O(l) + ___ Cl₂(g)
4 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) -> MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)
Balance the equation for the reaction: ___ HCl(aq) + ___ MnO₂(s) -> ___MnCl₂(aq) +
___H₂O(l) + ___ Cl₂(g)
4 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) -> MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)
Balance the following equation: WO₃ + H₂ -> W + H₂O
WO₃ + 3H₂ -> W + 3H₂O
Balance the following equation: WO₃ + H₂ -> W + H₂O
,WO₃ + 3H₂ -> W + 3H₂O
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂)
257
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂)
257
The chemical equations for the two reactions that occur during the extraction of aluminium are
A: Al³⁺ + 3e¯ -> Al and B: C + O₂ -> CO₂. State and explain which species in the reactions are
oxidation or reduction
A: Al³⁺ is reduced because it gains electrons. B: C is oxidised because it gains oxygen
Complete the equation for the reaction by inserting the state symbols: 2Li (....) + 2H₂O (....) ->
2LiOH (...) + H₂ (....)
2Li(s) + 2H₂O (l) -> 2LiOH (aq) + H₂ (g)
Complete the equation for the reaction by inserting the state symbols: 2Li (....) + 2H₂O (....) ->
2LiOH (...) + H₂ (....)
2Li(s) + 2H₂O (l) -> 2LiOH (aq) + H₂ (g)
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
, Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Describe an experiment to show that iron rusts quicker in salt water than rain water
1) Set up tubes containing iron in rain water and in salt water. 2) Set up control tube with iron
and no water. 3) record mass of nails. 4) leave tubes for same length of time. 5) measure mass
change of nail. 6) repeat experiment
Describe a test to show whether water is pure
If the sample is pure water it will boil at 100⁰C
Describe how nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to acid rain
Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are
burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions
Describe how nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to acid rain
Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are
burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions
Describe how pure salt can be obtained from rock salt
1) Grind rock salt into a fine powder. 2) Add powder to hot water and stir to dissolve salt. 3)
Filter mixture. Salt solution passes through the filter paper leaving behind the sand. 4) Boil
filtrate to evaporate some of the water. 5) Leave saturated solution to cool so that crystals of salt
form. 6) Filter cold mixture to separate the crystals from the remaining solution.
Describe how you would carry out a flame test
Put solid onto a wire. Put into a blue flame
Describe how you would test for carbonate ions, CO₃²⁻
Add nitric acid and see if carbon dioxide bubbles form
Describe how you would test for Cu²⁺ ions
Add sodium hydroxide and a blue precipitate will form
Describe how you would test for Fe²⁺ ions
Add sodium hydroxide and a green precipitate will form
Guaranteed Success After
Study 2024/2025
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + alkali ->
acid + alkali -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + base ->
acid + base -> salt + water
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal ->
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal carbonate ->
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
,The addition of water to anhydrous copper sulfate can be used to test for the presence of water.
The reaction is reversible. What is the word equation? Describe the color change.
anhydrous copper sulfate (white) + water <-> hydrated copper sulfate (blue)
After adding nitric acid and silver nitrate to a solution containing iodide ions, what color
precipitate is formed?
A yellow precipitate (of silver iodide) is formed.
Ammonia and hydrogen chloride react together in a reversible reaction to produce a white solid.
What are the word and symbol equations?
ammonia + hydrogen chloride <-> ammonium chloride NH₃ + HCl <-> NH₄Cl
Are carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide acidic or basic?
Acidic as carbon and sulphur are non-metals
Are carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide acidic or basic?
Acidic as carbon and sulphur are non-metals
Are metal oxides acidic or basic?
Basic
Are metal oxides acidic or basic?
Basic
Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?
Acidic
Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?
Acidic
Balance the equation for the reaction: ___ HCl(aq) + ___ MnO₂(s) -> ___MnCl₂(aq) +
___H₂O(l) + ___ Cl₂(g)
4 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) -> MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)
Balance the equation for the reaction: ___ HCl(aq) + ___ MnO₂(s) -> ___MnCl₂(aq) +
___H₂O(l) + ___ Cl₂(g)
4 HCl(aq) + MnO₂(s) -> MnCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g)
Balance the following equation: WO₃ + H₂ -> W + H₂O
WO₃ + 3H₂ -> W + 3H₂O
Balance the following equation: WO₃ + H₂ -> W + H₂O
,WO₃ + 3H₂ -> W + 3H₂O
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that
require little energy to overcome
Suggest why buckminsterfullerene, C60, has a low melting point.
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂)
257
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂)
257
The chemical equations for the two reactions that occur during the extraction of aluminium are
A: Al³⁺ + 3e¯ -> Al and B: C + O₂ -> CO₂. State and explain which species in the reactions are
oxidation or reduction
A: Al³⁺ is reduced because it gains electrons. B: C is oxidised because it gains oxygen
Complete the equation for the reaction by inserting the state symbols: 2Li (....) + 2H₂O (....) ->
2LiOH (...) + H₂ (....)
2Li(s) + 2H₂O (l) -> 2LiOH (aq) + H₂ (g)
Complete the equation for the reaction by inserting the state symbols: 2Li (....) + 2H₂O (....) ->
2LiOH (...) + H₂ (....)
2Li(s) + 2H₂O (l) -> 2LiOH (aq) + H₂ (g)
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
, Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised
electrons
Describe an experiment to show that iron rusts quicker in salt water than rain water
1) Set up tubes containing iron in rain water and in salt water. 2) Set up control tube with iron
and no water. 3) record mass of nails. 4) leave tubes for same length of time. 5) measure mass
change of nail. 6) repeat experiment
Describe a test to show whether water is pure
If the sample is pure water it will boil at 100⁰C
Describe how nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to acid rain
Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are
burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions
Describe how nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to acid rain
Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are
burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions
Describe how pure salt can be obtained from rock salt
1) Grind rock salt into a fine powder. 2) Add powder to hot water and stir to dissolve salt. 3)
Filter mixture. Salt solution passes through the filter paper leaving behind the sand. 4) Boil
filtrate to evaporate some of the water. 5) Leave saturated solution to cool so that crystals of salt
form. 6) Filter cold mixture to separate the crystals from the remaining solution.
Describe how you would carry out a flame test
Put solid onto a wire. Put into a blue flame
Describe how you would test for carbonate ions, CO₃²⁻
Add nitric acid and see if carbon dioxide bubbles form
Describe how you would test for Cu²⁺ ions
Add sodium hydroxide and a blue precipitate will form
Describe how you would test for Fe²⁺ ions
Add sodium hydroxide and a green precipitate will form
