Scientific Reasoning
LATEST TEST REVIEW
Q&S
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,1. Which method involves observing and analyzing the cause-
and-effect relationship between variables under controlled
conditions?
A) Case Study Analysis
B) Experimental Method
C) Correlational Study
D) Quantitative Survey
ANS: B) Experimental Method
2. In a scientific experiment, what is the purpose of a control
group?
A) To manipulate the independent variable
B) To ensure that the results are due to the independent variable
C) To test multiple hypotheses simultaneously
D) To communicate findings to the public
ANS: B) To ensure that the results are due to the independent
variable
3. When a hypothesis is stated in a manner that can be tested and
falsified, it is referred to as:
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, A) Conclusive
B) Redundant
C) Empirical
D) Testable
ANS: D) Testable
4. Which statistical measure is used to determine the strength and
direction of a linear relationship between two variables?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Correlation Coefficient
D) Standard Deviation
ANS: C) Correlation Coefficient
5. What is meant by the term ‘confounding variable’ in an
experimental study?
A) A variable that is manipulated by the researcher
B) A factor that varies alongside the independent variable
C) A variable that remains constant
D) A direct measure of the dependent variable
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, ANS: B) A factor that varies alongside the independent
variable
6. Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?
A) All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is
mortal.
B) Every swan we have seen is white; therefore, all swans are
white.
C) If it rains, then the ground will be wet.
D) All birds have wings. A penguin is a bird. Therefore, a
penguin has wings.
ANS: B) Every swan we have seen is white; therefore, all
swans are white.
7. What is the primary goal of using a double-blind procedure in
experimental research?
A) To allow researchers to manipulate data freely
B) To eliminate bias from both participants and researchers
C) To ensure all variables are controlled
D) To increase sample size
ANS: B) To eliminate bias from both participants and
researchers
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