NUR 2474 Exam 2: Pharmacology for Professional
Nursing Exam 2 (Latest ) Rasmussen
To reduce BP, two types of treatment may be used - Answer drug therapy and
lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, reduction of salt and alcohol intake, following
the DASH diet, and increasing aerobic exercise).
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics reduce BP in two ways - Answer they
reduce blood volume (by promoting diuresis) and they reduce arterial resistance (by an
unknown mechanism).
Loop diuretics should be reserved for - Answer (1) patients who need greater
diuresis than can be achieved with thiazides and (2) patients with a low GFR (because
thiazides do not work when GFR is low).
Adherence is difficult to achieve because - Answer (1) hypertension has no
symptoms (so drug benefits are not obvious); (2) hypertension progresses slowly (so
patients think they can postpone treatment); and (3) treatment is complex and
expensive, continues lifelong, and can cause adverse effects.
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and DRIs lower BP by - Answer preventing angiotensin II-
mediated vasoconstriction and aldosterone-mediated volume expansion. ACE inhibitors
work by blocking the formation of angiotensin II, whereas ARBs block the actions of
angiotensin II. DRIs prevent formation of angiotensin I and thereby shut down the entire
RAAS.
Beta blockers (e.g., metoprolol) - Answer appear to lower BP primarily by reducing
peripheral vascular resistance; the mechanism is unknown. They may also lower BP by
decreasing myocardial contractility and suppressing reflex tachycardia (through beta1-
,blockade in the heart) and by decreasing renin release (through beta1-blockade in the
kidney).
The baroreceptor reflex, the kidneys, and the RAAS - Answer can oppose our
attempts to lower BP with drugs. We can counteract the baroreceptor reflex with a beta
blocker; the kidneys with a diuretic; and the RAAS with an ACE inhibitor, ARB, DRI, or
aldosterone antagonist.
Verapamil in combination with a beta block 'lol'? - Answer Increased risk for
interaction
Which information should the nurse include in client education regarding a
cholesterol-lowering agent? - Answer "You should continue your exercise program
to increase your high-density lipoprotein (HLD) serum.
What would the nurse expect has occurred with a client who has taken senna for
several days and now experiencing yellowish-brownish urea? - Answer
Expected effect of the medication (Anthraquinone's in laxatives such as senna, change
urine to brown, yellow, or orange.)
Verapamil can elevate? - Answer digoxin levels
Client took too much warfarin normal vitals and no petechiae - Answer Expect
DR to order pt INR
Patient on warfarin and levels of INR 4.7 - Answer Best action is to hold dose and
notify physician
Heparin post op and APTT is 120 BP 90/50 - Answer Expect Dr to order protamine
sulfate
, Post surgery patient is pale and fatigued HR98 RR20 BP 100/50 - Answer Expect
provider to order hemoglobin and hematocrit
Aspirin prevents - Answer platelet aggregation
Amiodarone - Answer is a positum channel blocker it is given for Aflutter to prevent
recurrence. Levels can be increased by grapefruit juice and toxicity can result.
Amiodarone levels can be reduced by cholestyramine.
Propranolol - Answer is a beta adrenergic blocker non selective given for recurrent
ventricular tachycardia. Question the order if patient has asthma as it can cause
bronchospasm.
Stage B Heart failure - Answer Captopril for reduced EF or ejection fraction and
symptomatic
Normal GFR - Answer 90-120
If GFR is <20 - Answer risk of digoxin toxicity is greater
If digoxin level is 2.5 ng/ml - Answer hold dose and contact healthcare provider
Always check apical pulse before - Answer giving digoxin
Torsades De pointes - Answer Give IV magnesium
Digoxin therapeutic range - Answer 0.5-0.8
Normal potassium level - Answer is 3.5 to 5
Furosemide effective if - Answer Output is greater than input
Nursing Exam 2 (Latest ) Rasmussen
To reduce BP, two types of treatment may be used - Answer drug therapy and
lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, reduction of salt and alcohol intake, following
the DASH diet, and increasing aerobic exercise).
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics reduce BP in two ways - Answer they
reduce blood volume (by promoting diuresis) and they reduce arterial resistance (by an
unknown mechanism).
Loop diuretics should be reserved for - Answer (1) patients who need greater
diuresis than can be achieved with thiazides and (2) patients with a low GFR (because
thiazides do not work when GFR is low).
Adherence is difficult to achieve because - Answer (1) hypertension has no
symptoms (so drug benefits are not obvious); (2) hypertension progresses slowly (so
patients think they can postpone treatment); and (3) treatment is complex and
expensive, continues lifelong, and can cause adverse effects.
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and DRIs lower BP by - Answer preventing angiotensin II-
mediated vasoconstriction and aldosterone-mediated volume expansion. ACE inhibitors
work by blocking the formation of angiotensin II, whereas ARBs block the actions of
angiotensin II. DRIs prevent formation of angiotensin I and thereby shut down the entire
RAAS.
Beta blockers (e.g., metoprolol) - Answer appear to lower BP primarily by reducing
peripheral vascular resistance; the mechanism is unknown. They may also lower BP by
decreasing myocardial contractility and suppressing reflex tachycardia (through beta1-
,blockade in the heart) and by decreasing renin release (through beta1-blockade in the
kidney).
The baroreceptor reflex, the kidneys, and the RAAS - Answer can oppose our
attempts to lower BP with drugs. We can counteract the baroreceptor reflex with a beta
blocker; the kidneys with a diuretic; and the RAAS with an ACE inhibitor, ARB, DRI, or
aldosterone antagonist.
Verapamil in combination with a beta block 'lol'? - Answer Increased risk for
interaction
Which information should the nurse include in client education regarding a
cholesterol-lowering agent? - Answer "You should continue your exercise program
to increase your high-density lipoprotein (HLD) serum.
What would the nurse expect has occurred with a client who has taken senna for
several days and now experiencing yellowish-brownish urea? - Answer
Expected effect of the medication (Anthraquinone's in laxatives such as senna, change
urine to brown, yellow, or orange.)
Verapamil can elevate? - Answer digoxin levels
Client took too much warfarin normal vitals and no petechiae - Answer Expect
DR to order pt INR
Patient on warfarin and levels of INR 4.7 - Answer Best action is to hold dose and
notify physician
Heparin post op and APTT is 120 BP 90/50 - Answer Expect Dr to order protamine
sulfate
, Post surgery patient is pale and fatigued HR98 RR20 BP 100/50 - Answer Expect
provider to order hemoglobin and hematocrit
Aspirin prevents - Answer platelet aggregation
Amiodarone - Answer is a positum channel blocker it is given for Aflutter to prevent
recurrence. Levels can be increased by grapefruit juice and toxicity can result.
Amiodarone levels can be reduced by cholestyramine.
Propranolol - Answer is a beta adrenergic blocker non selective given for recurrent
ventricular tachycardia. Question the order if patient has asthma as it can cause
bronchospasm.
Stage B Heart failure - Answer Captopril for reduced EF or ejection fraction and
symptomatic
Normal GFR - Answer 90-120
If GFR is <20 - Answer risk of digoxin toxicity is greater
If digoxin level is 2.5 ng/ml - Answer hold dose and contact healthcare provider
Always check apical pulse before - Answer giving digoxin
Torsades De pointes - Answer Give IV magnesium
Digoxin therapeutic range - Answer 0.5-0.8
Normal potassium level - Answer is 3.5 to 5
Furosemide effective if - Answer Output is greater than input
