ESSENTIALS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXAM 1 REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .

ESSENTIALS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXAM 1
REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .
3,Components,of,the,Criminal,Justice,System,,ANS,-,,1),Law,Enforcement-
,Agencies,that,investigate,crimes,and,comprehend,Suspects.




2),Court/Judiciary-,Agencies,that,conduct,trials,and,sentence,offenders



3),Corrections-,Agencies,that,monitor,and,rehabilitate,offenders



What,is,the,Criminal,Justice,System,a,form,of?,,ANS,-,,Social,Control



How,does,the,media,influence,the,Criminal,Justice,System?,,ANS,-
,,Causes,people,to,form,false,impressions,of,and,unrealized,expectations,about,the,criminal,justice,system
.



What,did,the,Wickersham,Commission,do?,,ANS,-,,Analyzed,the,Criminal,Justice,System,(1929)



How,many,stages,are,there,in,the,formal,Criminal,Justice,System?,,ANS,-,,15



What,are,they?,,ANS,-,,1),Initial,contact,-
,In,most,cases,,this,involves,a,police,officer,observing,a,crime,or,being,dispatched,to,a,crime,scene.,




2),Investigation,-
,Involves,the,collection,of,evidence,,including,witness,statements,,that,produce,the,probable,cause,neces
sary,to,arrest,a,person,suspected,of,committing,the,crime,



3),Arrest,-
,A,legal,condition,wherein,an,individual's,freedom,is,restricted,by,the,police.,All,arrests,must,be,based,on,
probable,cause.,



4),Custody,-,Following,arrest,,suspects,are,detained.,In,some,cases,the,investigation,process,continues.,

,5),Charging,-
,A,formal,process,wherein,the,police,present,the,evidence,to,a,prosecutor,and,,usually,by,mutual,agreem
ent,,a,decision,is,made,on,the,most,appropriate,offense,based,on,the,available,evidence.,◦May,result,in,n
olle,prosequi(naliprasikwai),



6),Preliminary,hearing/grand,jury,-
,Depending,on,the,jurisdiction,,during,this,step,the,evidence,is,reviewed,objectively.,The,initial,charge,ma
y,be,accepted,as,is,,modified,or,nullified,◦May,involve,a,true,bill,of,indictment,,information,,probable,caus
e,hearing
,

7),Arraignment,-
,A,formal,process,wherein,the,suspect,is,informed,of,the,charges,and,asked,to,enter,a,plea,(guilty,,not,guil
ty,or,nolo,contender



,8),Bail/detention,-
,A,formal,process,wherein,the,decision,is,made,on,whether,to,release,suspect,from,custody,pending,trial.,
Bail,is,a,payment,to,the,court,(in,cash,or,tangible,property),that,insures,the,suspect,will,return,for,adjudic
ation*

.,

9),Formal,judgment,•,Plea,bargaining,-
,A,formal,process,wherein,the,prosecutor,and,defense,attorney,bargain,for,a,change,in,the,defendant's,pl
ea.,The,defense,attorney,wants,the,least,punitive,outcome,and,the,prosecutor,wants,to,avoid,a,trial,and,i
nsure,the,most,punitive,outcome.,The,strength,of,the,evidence,against,the,defendant,often,determines,t
he,outcome,of,this,process.,



10),Trial/a



What,is,the,CJ,Wedding,Cake?,,ANS,-
,,A,four,tiered,"Cake",of,the,different,tiers,of,offenses,an,individual,can,commit.




What,are,the,4,tiers?,,ANS,-,,Level,4),(largest),Misdemeanors

-,There,are,millions,of,misdemeanors,

-Disorderly,conduct

,-,Minor,assault

, -Shoplifting

-Public,drunkenness



Level,3),Less,Serious,Felonies

-Young,,often,first,time,offenses

-Dismissals

-Pleas

-Reduction,in,Charges

-Probations



Level,2),Serious,Felonies

-Rapes

-Robberies

-Burglaries



-Most,practitioners,agree,that,these,cases,deserve,the,full,attention,of,the,Criminal,Justice,System



Factors:

-Experienced,Repeat,Offenders



-The,amount,of,money,stolen,in,a,burglary,or,larceny,(personal,property)



-Violent,acts,committed,by,a,stronger,(with,weapon)



-,Robberies,involve,loss,of,big,money,and,a,weapon



-,Offenders,often,receive,full,jury,trials,,if,convicted,receive,lengthy,prison,sentences



Level,1),(smallest),Celebrated,Cases